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Annals of Laboratory Medicine Mar 2018Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes has a high case-fatality rate (CFR) of approximately 20% to 30%. An increasing incidence of listeriosis has been reported in...
BACKGROUND
Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes has a high case-fatality rate (CFR) of approximately 20% to 30%. An increasing incidence of listeriosis has been reported in many countries recently. We investigated the annual incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of listeriosis at three different hospitals in Korea and evaluated the effects of appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatments on patient outcomes.
METHODS
We retrospectively collected the data of all culture-positive cases of human listeriosis from three hospitals of different sizes in Korea during 2006-2016 and calculated the annual number of cases and incidence per 100,000 admissions.
RESULTS
A total of 58 patients with L. monocytogenes were included in this study. The incidence of listeriosis was significantly higher in 2013-2016 than in 2006-2012 (RR 3.1; 95% CI 1.79-5.36; P<0.001), mainly because of an increase in patients over 60 years of age (RR 3.69; 95% CI 1.70-8.02; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that healthcare-associated infection (adjusted OR, 12.15; 95% CI, 2.56-86.01; P=0.004) and empirical treatment with first-line antimicrobial agents (adjusted OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00-0.63; P=0.044) were associated with CFR.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare-associated infections caused by L. monocytogenes are associated with high CFR. Adequate initial empirical treatments could reduce CFR, suggesting that careful consideration of an empirical antimicrobial regimen is warranted for elderly or immunocompromised patients admitted to the hospital.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Incidence; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 29214753
DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.2.102 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The yellow mealworm beetle () has been exploited as an experimental model to unravel the intricacies of cellular and humoral immunity against pathogenic infections.... (Review)
Review
The yellow mealworm beetle () has been exploited as an experimental model to unravel the intricacies of cellular and humoral immunity against pathogenic infections. Studies on this insect model have provided valuable insights into the phenotypic plasticity of immune defenses against parasites and pathogens. It has thus been possible to characterize the hemocoelic defenses of that rely on the recognition of non-self-components of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The subsequent signaling cascade activating pathways such as the NF-κB controlled by Toll and IMD pathways lead to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), onset of hemocyte-driven phagocytosis, and activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade regulating the process of melanization. Nevertheless, the activation of autophagy-mediated defenses of against the facultative intracellular gram-positive bacterium provides clear evidence of the existence of a cross-talk between autophagy and the IMD pathway. Moreover, the identification of several autophagy-related genes () in transcriptome and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases has contributed to the understanding of the autophagy-signaling cascade triggered by challenge. Providing further evidence of the cross-talk hypothesis, has been shown to be required not only for regulating the synthesis of AMPs through the PGRP-LE/IMD pathway activation but also for the expression of in larvae following challenge. Notably, can stimulate the innate immune system by producing molecules recognized by the multifunctional PRR (PGRP-LE), which stimulates intracellular activation of the IMD pathway and autophagy. Considering the conservation of autophagy components involved in combating intracellular pathogens, it will be interesting to extrapolate a dynamic cross-talk model of immune activation. This review summarizes the most significant findings on the regulation of autophagy in during infection and on the role of the innate immunity machinery, including the NF-κB pathway, in the control of pathogenic load.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Bacterial Load; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; Insect Proteins; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Macroautophagy; Signal Transduction; Tenebrio
PubMed: 34135896
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667664 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Ruminants are a well-known reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, ruminants can also acquire listeriosis and develop...
Ruminants are a well-known reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, ruminants can also acquire listeriosis and develop clinical manifestations in the form of neurologic or fetal infections, similar to those occurring in humans. Genomic characterization of ruminant listeriosis cases in Europe have identified lineage 1 and 2 strains associated with infection, as well as clonal complexes (CCs) that are commonly isolated from human cases of listeriosis; however, there is little information on the diversity of L. monocytogenes from ruminant listeriosis in the United States. In this study, we characterized and compared 73 L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant listeriosis cases from the Midwest and the Upper Great Plains collected from 2015 to 2020. Using whole-genome sequence data, we classified the isolates and identified key virulence factors, stress-associated genes, and mobile genetic elements within our data set. Our isolates belonged to three different lineages: 31% to lineage 1, 53% to lineage 2, and 15% to lineage 3. Lineage 1 and 3 isolates were associated with neurologic infections, while lineage 2 showed a greater frequency of fetal infections. Additionally, the presence of mobile elements, virulence-associated genes, and stress and antimicrobial resistance genes was evaluated. These genetic elements are responsible for most of the subgroup-specific features and may play a key role in the spread of hypervirulent clones, including the spread of hypervirulent CC1 clone commonly associated with disease in humans, and may explain the increased frequency of certain clones in the area. Listeria monocytogenes affects humans and animals, causing encephalitis, septicemia, and abortions, among other clinical outcomes. Ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main carriers contributing to the maintenance and dispersal of this pathogen in the farm environment. Contamination of food products from farms is of concern not only because many L. monocytogenes genotypes found there are associated with human listeriosis but also as a cause of significant economic losses when livestock and food products are affected. Ruminant listeriosis has been characterized extensively in Europe; however, there is limited information about the genetic diversity of these cases in the United States. Identification of subgroups with a greater ability to spread may facilitate surveillance and management of listeriosis and contribute to a better understanding of the genome diversity of this pathogen, providing insights into the molecular epidemiology of ruminant listeriosis in the region.
Topics: Cattle; Sheep; Humans; Animals; United States; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Ruminants; Genomics; Virulence; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36314928
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01579-22 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2022is a bacterium that can cause disease in many species, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. Increased interactions via shared habitats may promote pathogen...
is a bacterium that can cause disease in many species, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. Increased interactions via shared habitats may promote pathogen transmission among these groups. Our objectives were to evaluate the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study diagnostic data to characterize and compare -induced lesions and comorbidities in gray foxes and wild turkeys, and to describe cases of listeriosis in 2 cervids. From 1991-2020, 8 gray foxes, 8 wild turkeys, a neonatal elk, and a white-tailed deer fawn from several eastern states in the United States were diagnosed with listeriosis. All 8 foxes had hepatitis and/or hepatic necrosis with intralesional gram-positive bacilli, and concurrent canine distemper virus (CDV) infection; 2 of the foxes had been vaccinated recently for CDV. was cultured from the liver (6 of 8) or lung (2 of 8) of foxes. Lesions in wild turkeys included hepatocellular necrosis (3 of 8), heterophilic hepatitis (1 of 8), heterophilic granulomas (1 of 8), intrasinusoidal gram-positive bacilli without hepatic lesions (1 of 8), granulomatous dermatitis (1 of 8), and/or granulomatous myocarditis (2 of 8). Lymphoproliferative disease viral DNA was detected in 5 of 6 turkeys tested; reticuloendotheliosis viral DNA was detected in 2 of 3 turkeys tested. Both cervids had systemic listeriosis, with isolated from liver. Immunohistochemistry for spp. on select cases revealed immunolabeling in affected organs. Listeriosis was thus established as a cause of morbidity and mortality in 3 wildlife species, which often suffered from concurrent infections and likely immunosuppression.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Deer; Distemper; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Foxes; Listeriosis; Necrosis; Southeastern United States; Turkeys; United States
PubMed: 35686438
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104830 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2023Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis. In food production, L. monocytogenes occurs in raw food material and... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis. In food production, L. monocytogenes occurs in raw food material and above all, through postprocessing contamination. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) facilitates foodborne outbreak investigations, pathogen source tracking and tracing geographic distributions of different clonal complexes, routine microbiological/epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. WGS can also be used to predict various genetic traits related to virulence, stress, or antimicrobial resistance, which can be of great benefit for improving food safety management as well as public health.
Topics: Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Food Chain; Food Microbiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Listeriosis; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36916580
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.002 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Oct 2023is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly... (Review)
Review
is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable and models for . placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control . infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the and placental models used for studying the infection of . in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of cell models and organoids for the study of . infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of . infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Placenta; Public Health; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 37877386
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230263 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024The prevalence of listeriosis in China has been increasing in recent years. Listeriosis primarily spreads through contaminated food. However, the resilient causative...
The prevalence of listeriosis in China has been increasing in recent years. Listeriosis primarily spreads through contaminated food. However, the resilient causative organism, , and its extended incubation period pose challenges in identifying risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits for listeriosis in China. A matched case-control study (1:1 ratio) was conducted, which enrolled all eligible cases of listeriosis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022 in China. Basic information and possible risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits were collected. Overall, 359 patients were enrolled, including 208 perinatal and 151 non-perinatal cases. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyzes were performed for the perinatal group. For the perinatal and non-perinatal groups, ice cream and Chinese cold dishes were the high-risk foods for listeriosis (odds ratio (OR) 2.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.55; OR 3.17 95% CI: 1.29-7.81), respectively; consumption of leftovers and pet ownership were the high-risk food-handling habits (OR 1.92 95% CI: 1.03-3.59; OR 3.00 95% CI: 1.11-8.11), respectively. In both groups, separation of raw and cooked foods was a protective factor (OR 0.27 95% CI: 0.14-0.51; OR 0.35 95% CI: 0.14-0.89), while refrigerator cleaning reduced the infection risk by 64.94-70.41% only in the perinatal group. The identification of high-risk foods and food-handling habits for listeriosis is important for improving food safety guidelines for vulnerable populations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Case-Control Studies; Food Microbiology; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Risk Factors; China; Habits
PubMed: 38341870
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307520 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Jun 2015Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review... (Review)
Review
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review provides an overview of listeriosis in ruminants and discusses our insufficient understanding of reservoirs and possible cycling ofL. monocytogenes between animal and human hosts, food and the environment. It indicates gaps in our knowledge of the role of genetic subtypes in L. monocytogenes ecology and virulence as well as risk factors, in vivo diagnostics and pathogenesis of listeriosis in ruminants. Filling these gaps will contribute to improving the control of L. monocytogenes and enhancing disease prevention. As the prevalence of listeriosis in ruminants in Switzerland is likely to be underestimated, propositions concerning improvement options for surveillance of listeriosis in ruminants are provided.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections; Disease Reservoirs; Environmental Microbiology; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Population Surveillance; Ruminants; Switzerland; Zoonoses
PubMed: 26753347
DOI: 10.17236/sat00022 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Apr 2003Listeriae are used as a tool by different specialities in biomedical research. There are now at least four major fields of interest in Listeria: (1). the role in medical...
Listeriae are used as a tool by different specialities in biomedical research. There are now at least four major fields of interest in Listeria: (1). the role in medical microbiology: Listeria monocytogenes causes severe diseases of men and animals and is difficult to treat; (2). the role in food microbiology: Listeria is a food-borne pathogen and is found in various food items; (3). the role in cell biology: L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular parasite having an intense cross-talk and interactions with the host cell; (4). the role in immunology: basic knowledge on cell-mediated immunity has been acquired through the model of listeriosis. This paper presents information on the past and the actual situation in research on Listeria and listeriosis.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; History, 20th Century; Humans; Listeria; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Virulence
PubMed: 12648837
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00471-6 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2014Listeria monocytogenes causes human listeriosis, which is associated with the highest hospitalization and mortality rates of all foodborne illnesses. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes causes human listeriosis, which is associated with the highest hospitalization and mortality rates of all foodborne illnesses. In recent years, the incidence of listeriosis has doubled in Europe, almost exclusively among older adults (≥ 60 years of age). Food safety factors associated with increased risk of listeriosis include lack of adherence to "use by" dates and ineffective refrigerated storage of foods. Consequently, older adult consumers' implementation of safe food practices should be evaluated. This article is a review of consumer food safety cognitive and behavioral data relating to risk factors associated with listeriosis in the home as reported in 165 consumer food safety studies. Overall, only 41% of studies included assessment of consumer cognitive or behavioral data associated with listeriosis; of these studies 59% included data on safe refrigeration, 54% included data on storage time for opened ready-to-eat foods, and 49% included data on adherence to use-by dates. In most (83%) of the studies, survey-based data collection methods (questionnaires/interviews) were used; thus, the majority of findings were based on self-report (74%) and knowledge (44%). Observation (31%) and focus groups (12%) were less commonly used, resulting in a lack of actual behaviors and attitudinal data relating to listeriosis risk factors. Only 7% of studies included food safety data for older adults. Although older adults may fail to implement recommended practices, this review reveals a need for in-depth research to determine food safety attitudes and actual behaviors of older adults in conjunction with knowledge and selfreport of practices linked to increased risks of listeriosis. Such data combined with review findings would inform targeted food safety education to reduce risks associated with listeriosis in the home.
Topics: Consumer Product Safety; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24674447
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-238