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Mycobiology Dec 2016During fungal diversity surveys of the order Eurotiales in Korea, two fungal strains, EML-DG33-1 and EML-NCP50, were isolated from samples of rat dung and fig tree leaf...
During fungal diversity surveys of the order Eurotiales in Korea, two fungal strains, EML-DG33-1 and EML-NCP50, were isolated from samples of rat dung and fig tree leaf collected at a garden located in Gwangju in 2014. To complete the National Species List of Korea, it is a prerequisite to verify whether many questionable species, which were previously recorded but not confirmed, indeed present in Korea. Herein, the isolates were confirmed as undescribed species, and based on the combination of morphological and phylogenetic analyses of multigenes including the rDNA internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II subunit 2.
PubMed: 28154482
DOI: 10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.4.248 -
Computational and Structural... 2021is one of the pathogens of morels, which greatly affects the yield and quality of spp.. In the present study, we assembled the genome sequence of the fungus...
is one of the pathogens of morels, which greatly affects the yield and quality of spp.. In the present study, we assembled the genome sequence of the fungus SAAS_ppe1. We analyzed the transcriptional profile of SAAS_ppe1 infection of at different stages (3 days and 6 days after infection) and the response of using the transcriptome. The assembled genome sequence of SAAS_ppe1 was 39.78 Mb in length (11 scaffolds; scaffold N50, 6.50 Mb), in which 99.7% of the expected genes were detected. A total of 7.48% and 19.83% clean transcriptional reads from the infected sites were mapped to the genome at the early and late stages of infection, respectively. There were 3,943 genes differently expressed in at different stages of infection, of which 24 genes had increased expression with the infection and infection stage, including diphthamide biosynthesis, aldehyde reductase, and NAD (P)H-hydrate epimerase ( < 0.05). Several genes had variable expression trends at different stages of infection, indicating had diverse regulation patterns to infect . GO function, involving cellular components, and KEGG pathways, involving glycerolipid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction were significantly enriched during infection by . The expression of ten genes in increased during the infection and infection stage, and these may regulate the response of to infection. This is the first comprehensive study on infection mechanism and response mechanism, which will lay a foundation for understanding the fungus-fungus interactions, gene functions, and variety breeding of pathogenic and edible fungi.
PubMed: 34025947
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.065 -
Journal of Nematology Dec 2010The objective of this work was to isolate and identify fungi associated with R. reniformis in cotton roots. Soil samples were collected in cotton fields naturally...
The objective of this work was to isolate and identify fungi associated with R. reniformis in cotton roots. Soil samples were collected in cotton fields naturally infested with R. reniformis and from cotton stock plants cultured in the greenhouse. Nematodes extracted from the soil were observed under the stereoscope, and discolored eggs and vermiform stages colonized with mycelia were cultured on 1.5% water agar supplemented with antibiotics, and incubated at 27°C. Identification of the nematophagous fungi was based on the morphological characters, and the ITS regions and 5.8S rDNA amplified by PCR using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The parasitism percentage on vermiform nematodes from greenhouse samples was 21.2%, and the percentages from cotton fields in Limestone, Henry, and Baldwin counties in Alabama were 3%, 23.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. A total of 12 fungi were identified from R. reniformis vermiform stages and eggs. The most frequently isolated fungi were Arthrobotrys dactyloides (46%) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (14%), followed by Phoma exigua (4.8%), Penicillium waksmanii and Dactylaria brochophaga (3.6%), Aspergillus glaucus group (2.4%). Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium cladiosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Torula herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and an unidentified basidiomycete were less frequent (1.2%). A high percentage (16.8%) of fungi from colonized nematodes was not cultivable on our media. Out of those 12 fungi, only four have been previously reported as nematophagous fungi: three isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides, and one isolate of Dactylaria brochopaga, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular identification of Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga was consistent with the morphological identification, placing these two fungi in the new genus Drechslerella as proposed in the new Orbilaceae classification.
PubMed: 22736864
DOI: No ID Found -
Tanaffos 2015Paecilomyces species are among the most frequent saprophytes. Two species namely Paecilomyces lilacinus and Paecilomyces variotii are the most frequently isolated...
Paecilomyces species are among the most frequent saprophytes. Two species namely Paecilomyces lilacinus and Paecilomyces variotii are the most frequently isolated species from humans. Fungemia, endocarditis peritonitis, osteomyelitis and rarely pneumonia have been reported. We report a 74-year old diabetic woman with Paecilomyces variotii pneumonia. Paecilomyces variotii is a rare cause of pneumonia and in our knowledge, our case is the first case of pleural effusion due to this fungus.
PubMed: 27114730
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Oct 2019Emission of toxic metabolites in guttation droplets of common indoor fungi is not well documented. The aims of this study were (i) to compare mycotoxins in biomass and...
Penicillium expansum strain isolated from indoor building material was able to grow on gypsum board and emitted guttation droplets containing chaetoglobosins and communesins A, B and D.
AIMS
Emission of toxic metabolites in guttation droplets of common indoor fungi is not well documented. The aims of this study were (i) to compare mycotoxins in biomass and guttation droplets from indoor fungi from a building following health complaints among occupants, (ii) to identify the most toxic strain and to test if mycotoxins in guttation liquids migrated trough air and (iii) to test if toxigenic Penicillium expansum strains grew on gypsum board.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Biomass suspensions and guttation droplets from individual fungal colonies representing Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Stachybotrys and Paecilomyces were screened toxic to mammalian cells. The most toxic strain, RcP61 (CBS 145620), was identified as Pen. expansum Link by sequence analysis of the ITS region and a calmodulin gene fragment, and confirmed by the Westerdijk Institute based on ITS and beta-tubulin sequences. The strain was isolated from a cork liner, was able to grow on gypsum board and to produce toxic substances in biomass extracts and guttation droplets inhibiting proliferation of somatic cells (PK-15, MNA, FL) in up to 20 000-fold dilutions. Toxic compounds in biomass extracts and/or guttation droplets were determined by HPLC and LC-MS. Strain RcP61 produced communesins A, B and D, and chaetoglobosins in guttation droplets (the liquid emitted from them) and biomass extracts. The toxins of the guttation droplets migrated c. 1 cm through air and condensed on a cool surface.
CONCLUSIONS
The mycotoxin-containing guttation liquids emitted by Pen. expansum grown on laboratory medium exhibited airborne migration and were >100 times more toxic in bioassays than guttation droplets produced by indoor isolates of the genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys and Paecilomyces.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Toxic exudates produced by Pen. expansum containing communesins A, B and D, and chaetoglobosins were transferable by air. This may represent a novel mechanism of mycotoxin dispersal in indoor environment.
Topics: Calcium Sulfate; Construction Materials; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Indole Alkaloids; Mycotoxins; Penicillium
PubMed: 31271686
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14369 -
PloS One 2024Nematophagous fungi are the best alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing nematodes considering environmental health. In the current study, activity of...
Nematophagous fungi are the best alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing nematodes considering environmental health. In the current study, activity of metabolites from ten isolates of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and two isolates of Paecilomyces variotii Bainier (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae), were examined to inhibit the hatching of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) eggs. At 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations, respectively, the culture filtrate of the isolate P. lilacinum 6887 prevented 97.55%, 90.52%, and 62.97% of egg hatching. Out of all the isolates, Pl 6887, Pl 6553, and Pl 2362 showed the greatest results in the hatching inhibition experiment.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a variety of nematicidal compounds from different isolates. A total of seven nematicidal compounds, including four very potent nematicidal fatty acids were found in the isolate Pl 6553. Secondary metabolites of the same isolate possess the highest M. incognita juvenile mortality, i.e., 43.33% and 92% after 48 hrs of treatment at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations, respectively. Significant difference was observed in juvenile mortality percentage among the isolate having highest and lowest nematicidal compounds. Nematicidal fatty acids like myristic and lauric acid were found for the first time in P. lilacinum. Multiple vacuole-like droplets were found inside the unhatched eggs inoculated with the culture filtrate of isolate Pl 6887, and also in the juveniles that perished in the ethyl acetate extract of isolate Pl 6553.
Topics: Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hypocreales; Antinematodal Agents; Tylenchoidea; Fatty Acids; Byssochlamys
PubMed: 38358978
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297925 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2022To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
AIM
To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
METHODS
The medical records from 32 eyes of 29 patients diagnosed with EE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to October 2019 were reviewed.
RESULTS
The initial visual acuity (VA) of 30 eyes in this study was worse than 20/400. Twenty-three eyes were diagnosed with fungal endophthalmitis and nine with bacterial endophthalmitis. The most common fungal and bacterial isolates were and , respectively. Several rare fungi and bacteria species were also isolated from our patients, including , , , and . The leading risk factor for EE was diabetes. The most common extraocular infection locus was genitourinary tract. Vitrectomy was performed on twenty-nine eyes. Eight eyes achieved final VA of 20/400 or better. EE caused by had a better prognosis.
CONCLUSION
The visual outcome of EE is based on pathogens and prompt intervention. Early vitrectomy and antimicrobial treatment are beneficial for EE.
PubMed: 36262866
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.10.17 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... 2011This study reports the antibacterial activity of an oligosaccharide, prepared by partial acid hydrolysis of a native Paecilomyces sp. exopolysaccharide, and of its...
This study reports the antibacterial activity of an oligosaccharide, prepared by partial acid hydrolysis of a native Paecilomyces sp. exopolysaccharide, and of its aminoglycosylated derivative, prepared by reductive alkylation of the oligosaccharide, against E. coli and S. aureus.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromatography, Gel; Glycosylation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oligosaccharides; Paecilomyces; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 21630585
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2011-3-405 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2020Radix astragali, a medicinal material for tonifying Chinese Qi, has widely been used for the treatment of Kidney disease in China and East Asia, especially in reducing...
Radix astragali, a medicinal material for tonifying Chinese Qi, has widely been used for the treatment of Kidney disease in China and East Asia, especially in reducing the apoptosis of glomerular podocytes. Paecilomyces Cicadidae is a medicinal and edible fungus. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in solid-state fermentation of edible and medicinal fungi has become a hot issue. Fermentation is a special method to change the properties of TCM. Therefore, the potential roles and molecular mechanisms on podocytes of solid-state fermentation products of Radix astragali and Paecilomyces cicadidae (RPF) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) were studied. In vivo, the effect of RPF and Radix astragali on DN in mice was evaluated by detecting the biochemical indexes of blood and urine, renal function and podocyte integrity. In vitro, the expression of podocyte marker protein, autophagy marker protein and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway protein were detected by Western blotting using a high glucose-induced podocyte injury model. The results showed that RPF had a significant alleviative effect on DN mice. RPF can significantly reduce urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood nitrogen urea in DN mice. Morphological analysis showed that RPF could improve kidney structure of DN and reduce the apoptosis of podocytes, and the effect was better than Radix astragali. In vitro results indicated that RPF could enhance autophagy and protect podocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, RPF has better effect on delaying the development of DN than Radix astragali. RPF enhances autophagy in podocytes and delays DN probably by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Astragalus propinquus; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Cordyceps; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fermentation; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Plant Extracts; Podocytes; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 32768963
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110479 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2023Transposable elements in eukaryotic organisms have historically been considered "selfish," at best conferring indirect benefits to their host organisms. The are a...
Transposable elements in eukaryotic organisms have historically been considered "selfish," at best conferring indirect benefits to their host organisms. The are a recently discovered feature in fungal genomes that are, in some cases, predicted to confer beneficial traits to their hosts and also have hallmarks of being transposable elements. Here, we provide experimental evidence that are indeed autonomous transposons, using the model , and identify the HhpA "Captain" tyrosine recombinase as essential for their mobilization into genomic sites with a specific target site consensus sequence. Furthermore, we identify multiple recent horizontal gene transfers of , implying that they jump between species. Fungal genomes have mechanisms to defend against mobile elements, which are frequently detrimental to the host. We discover that are also vulnerable to repeat-induced point mutation defense, thereby having implications on the evolutionary stability of such elements.
Topics: DNA Transposable Elements; Eukaryota; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Recombinases; Tyrosine; Evolution, Molecular
PubMed: 37023132
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214521120