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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Polysaccharides, which can be affected by different preparations, play a crucial role in the biological function of (PHPS) as a health food. To explore high-valued...
Polysaccharides, which can be affected by different preparations, play a crucial role in the biological function of (PHPS) as a health food. To explore high-valued polysaccharides and reduce the negative influence of human involvement, a green tailorable deep eutectic solvent (DES) was applied to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides (PHPS-D), followed by the evaluation of the structural properties and immunomodulation by comparison with the hot-water method (PHPS-W). The results indicated that the best system for PHPS-D was a type of carboxylic acid-based DES consisting of choline chloride and succinic acid in the molar ratio of 1:3, with a 30% water content. The optimal condition was as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 50 mL/g, extraction temperature of 85 °C, and extraction time of 1.7 h. The actual PHPS-D yield was 12.78 ± 0.17%, which was obviously higher than that of PHPS-W. The structural characteristics suggested that PHPS-D contained more uronic acid (22.34 ± 1.38%) and glucose (40.3 ± 0.5%), with a higher molecular weight (3.26 × 10 g/mol) and longer radius of gyration (78.2 ± 3.6 nm), as well as extended chain conformation, compared with PHPS-W, and these results were confirmed by AFM and SEM. Immunomodulatory assays suggested that PHPS-D showed better performance than PHPS-W regarding pinocytic activity and the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) by activating the corresponding mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. This study showed that carboxylic acid-based DES could be a promising tailorable green system for acidic polysaccharide preparation and the valorization of in functional foods.
Topics: Humans; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Solvents; Polysaccharides; Water; Immunomodulation; Carboxylic Acids
PubMed: 36432126
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228020 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2018, a medicinal food fungus, is a fruit from . In this study, we purified ergosterol peroxide (EP) from the fermentation broth of and investigated its effects on renal...
, a medicinal food fungus, is a fruit from . In this study, we purified ergosterol peroxide (EP) from the fermentation broth of and investigated its effects on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, in vitro. EP was purified from fermentation broth. The human RCC cell line 786-0 was used to analyze the anticancer mechanism of EP and inhibit its effect on cancer cell proliferation, in vitro. EP with a validated structure showed a yield rate of 20.1 mg/L and a purity of 96%. EP significantly inhibited RCC cell growth and clone formation in vitro. In addition, EP suppressed the migration and invasion, triggered the apoptosis, and modulated the cell cycle of RCC cells, in a dose-dependent manner. It also downregulated β-catenin expression. EP could be routinely produced through . It fights RCC cells in vitro through multiple mechanisms, including suppressing cell growth, colonization, migration, and invasion, arresting the cell cycle, attenuating β-catenin pathways, and triggering apoptosis.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Ergosterol; Fermentation; Humans; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 30544579
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123935 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Viable airborne pathogenic fungi represent a potential health hazard when exposing vulnerable persons in quantities exceeding their resilience. In this study, 284 indoor...
Viable airborne pathogenic fungi represent a potential health hazard when exposing vulnerable persons in quantities exceeding their resilience. In this study, 284 indoor fungal isolates from a strain collection of indoor fungi were screened for pathogenic potential through the ability to grow in neutral pH at 37 °C and 30 °C. The isolates were collected from 20 locations including 14 problematic and 6 non-problematic ordinary buildings. Out of the screened isolates, 170 isolates were unable to grow at 37 °C, whereas 67 isolates growing at pH 7.2 at 37 °C were considered as potential opportunistic pathogens. Forty-seven isolates growing at 30 °C but not at 37 °C were considered as less likely pathogens. Out of these categories, 33 and 33 strains, respectively, were identified to the species level. The problematic buildings included known opportunistic pathogens: , , and , as well as less likely pathogens: , , and Opportunistic pathogens such as , and and less likely pathogens such as and were isolated both from ordinary and from problematic buildings. was the dominant, most diverse genus found during screening for potentially pathogenic isolates in the indoor strain collection. Studies on and revealed that tolerance to cleaning chemicals may contribute to the adaptation of species to indoor environments.
PubMed: 36297230
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101171 -
Skin Appendage Disorders May 2016Paecilomyces lilacinus, also known as Purpureocillium lilacinum, is a non-dermatophyte mold found in the soil and used as nematocide for crops. P. lilacinus can cause...
Paecilomyces lilacinus, also known as Purpureocillium lilacinum, is a non-dermatophyte mold found in the soil and used as nematocide for crops. P. lilacinus can cause rare opportunistic infections in humans ranging from endocarditis, keratitis, to onychomycosis with significant resistance to conventional antifungals. There are only two cases of onychomycosis caused by P. lilacinus reported in the literature and none that were successfully treated. Here we present a case of successfully treated onychomycosis caused by P. lilacinus with efinaconazole and tavaborole in a patient who had failed treatment with oral fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and topical ciclopirox and naftifine.
PubMed: 27386459
DOI: 10.1159/000443773 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several...
Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several species, such as , , and , have been commercially cultivated in greenhouses. However, the detriments and obstacles associated with continuous cropping have become increasingly serious, reducing yields and even leading to a complete lack of fructification. It has been reported that the obstacles encountered with continuous morel cropping may be related to changes in the soil microbial community. To study the effect of dazomet treatment on the cultivation of morel under continuous cropping, soil was fumigated with dazomet before morel sowing. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis results showed that dazomet treatment altered the microbial communities in continuous cropping soil, which decreased the relative abundance of soil-borne fungal pathogens, including , , , , and , increased the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria, including and . In addition, the dazomet treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of morel mycelia in the soil and significantly improved morel yield under continuous cropping. These results verified the relationship between the obstacles associated with continuous cropping in morels and the soil microbial community and elucidated the mechanism by which the obstacle is alleviated when using dazomet treatment.
PubMed: 37614603
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200226 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Sep 2020The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Hungary,... (Review)
Review
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Hungary, and co-rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance strain 251, formerly called strain 251, are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of strain 251 as a biological nematicide on tomato and cucumber (uses in the field and permanent greenhouses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
PubMed: 32994827
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6238 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of f. , , , and as biological control agents (BCAs) against diseases caused by and in pepper. For this...
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of f. , , , and as biological control agents (BCAs) against diseases caused by and in pepper. For this purpose, their antagonistic activities were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We analysed the expression patterns of five defence related genes, , , , , and , in leaves. All BCAs showed a high in vitro antagonistic activity, significantly reducing the mycelial growth of and . The treatments with f. , , and substantially reduced the severity of the disease caused by by 54, 76, and 70%, respectively, and of the disease caused by by 66, 55, and 64%, respectively. had the lowest values of disease reduction. Reinoculation with the four BCAs increased the control of both plant pathogens. Markedly different expression patterns were observed in the genes , , and . Based on the results, all four BCAs under study could be used as a biological alternative to chemicals for the control of and in pepper with a high success rate.
PubMed: 36983528
DOI: 10.3390/jof9030360 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022A 2.5-year-old, 25.5 kg, spayed female Australian Shepherd dog had a 2-month history of shifting leg lameness in all limbs, tetraparesis, progressive lethargy, and...
A 2.5-year-old, 25.5 kg, spayed female Australian Shepherd dog had a 2-month history of shifting leg lameness in all limbs, tetraparesis, progressive lethargy, and severe pain. On the physical examination, fever (40.61°C), tachycardia, tachypnea, mild diffuse pelvic limb muscular atrophy, left prescapular and right popliteal lymphadenomegaly were observed. Due to the poor prognosis and difficult pain management, humane euthanasia was elected. Macroscopic and histological findings revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomas with central areas of lytic necrosis within the right femur, left humerus, left scapula, left biceps brachii, right semimembranosus muscle, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The necrotic areas contained myriad intralesional, intracellular, and extracellular negatively stained, non-pigmented, septate acute angle branching hyphae with parallel walls measuring 3-6 μm in width with polar bulbous projections measuring 7-13 μm in width. Fresh samples of the liver were submitted for fungal culture. Panfungal PCR targeting the major conserved genes-ITS, TUB, CAL-confirmed spp. are members of anamorphic fungi classified under the phylum Ascomycota. Paecilomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by spp with a disease reported in humans and animals ranging from superficial to systemic clinical forms affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. In dogs, disseminated paecilomycosis has been reported, but the species of fungi are not always determined. To our knowledge, this is the first case of disseminated paecilomycosis caused by infection in a dog.
PubMed: 35656172
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.878327 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Jan 2020Exposure to outside air microorganisms especially fungi has been linked with illness such as allergic respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, asthma, and infection such as...
Exposure to outside air microorganisms especially fungi has been linked with illness such as allergic respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, asthma, and infection such as mycosis. Airborne fungal composition was sampled from five locations in Lagos State, Nigeria, between May 2014 and April 2016. Fungi spores were collected using the sedimentation plate method with the Petri dishes of dichloran-glycerol 18 (DG-18) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Fungi sporulated faster on DG-18 agar plate as compared with PDA. The abundances of fungal spores collected monthly at the locations varied. The most abundant spores came from the fungi were Aspergillus niger (14.47%), Aspergillus sydowii (10.37%), and Aspergillus flavus (7.93%). Additional species were present in the collections including Ascomycetes: Penicillium funiculosum (5.49%), Neurospora crassa (5.32%), Penicillium oxalicum (4.71%), Penicillium pinophilum (2.88%), Fusarium verticillioides (3.05%), Penicillium simplicissimum (1.83%), Aphaderanum sp. (0.22%), Curvularia sp. (0.22%), Aspergillus oryzae (0.22%), and Paecilomyces sp. (0.61%) and the Mucoromycotina Zygomycetes: Rhizopus oryzae (4.10%) and Mucor sp. (3.44%). Fungal concentrations were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) during the rainy season compared with the dry season. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most predominant airborne fungal genera while Mucor, Alternaria, and Cladosporium were some of the least observed. Generally, abundance of fungi was significantly high during the wet season in all the studied locations.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Allergens; Alternaria; Aspergillus; Asthma; Cladosporium; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi; Hypersensitivity; Nigeria; Penicillium; Seasons; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 31900675
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8038-3 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Feb 2019
Topics: Asian People; Diagnosis, Differential; Endophthalmitis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Paecilomyces; Uveitis; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 29366691
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.12.002