-
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022() is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans and animals. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of , a...
() is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans and animals. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of , a total of 887 samples were collected from both the healthy and mastitis cows and the bedding, feed, feces, air, drinking water, spraying water, washing water, and milk cup swabs from five dairy farms in Hubei, China, during 2019 and 2020. was isolated and identified using PCR of the and 16S rDNA sequencing. A genotypic characterization was performed for isolates using typing multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial resistances were confirmed using broth microdilution against 17 antimicrobial agents and resistance and virulence genes were determined by PCR. The prevalence of was 26.94% (239/887) distributed in 101 allele types (199/239, 83.26%) and 100 sequence types (STs) (209/239, 87.45%), including 5 new allele type and 25 new STs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated from milk, nipple swab, feed, and feces is classified in the same clone complex. By comparing with the PubMLST database, at least 67 STs have the risk of spreading in different species and regions. Interestingly, 60 STs have been isolated from humans. The isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem and colistin, but resistant to ampicillin (100%), sulfisoxazole (94.56%), cephalothin (47.28%), streptomycin (30.13%), and so on. Noteworthy, multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was found to be 43.93% in this study. By PCR, 30 of 68 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified; the prevalence rate of , , , , , and was more than 50%. Eleven -producing were found. The detection rate of , , , , , , , and was over 85%. This study reinforces the epidemiological importance of in food-producing animals in Hubei. The emergence and spread of environmental MDR may pose a potential threat to food safety and public health.
PubMed: 35602033
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858799 -
PloS One 2023The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms at the human-animal-environment interface has raised global concern prompting governments and various stakeholders to...
Decrease in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates of Canadian turkey flocks driven by the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program.
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms at the human-animal-environment interface has raised global concern prompting governments and various stakeholders to take action. As a part of the stewardship initiative, Canadian turkey producers have implemented an antimicrobial use (AMU) strategy to manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in their sector. This study evaluated farm-level AMU and AMR data collected between 2016 and 2021 in major turkey-producing provinces/regions through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance to assess the progress of the strategy by characterizing the prevalence of homologous and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Escherichia coli isolated from turkeys. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression models assessed temporal and provincial/regional variations in AMR and MDR. Negative binomial regression models examined the temporal and regional variations in the total AMU. The total AMU (measured in mg/kg turkey biomass) significantly decreased in all provinces/regions in 2020 and 2021. Escherichia coli isolates from turkey flocks showed a significant decrease in resistance to gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracyclines during the six-year study period, consistent with the timing of the AMU reduction strategy. The prevalence of MDR isolates was significantly lower in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2016. Higher prevalence was observed in the Western region compared to Québec and Ontario. Two common AMR patterns were identified: ampicillin-streptomycin-tetracyclines and streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracyclines. These AMR patterns indicate possible cross-resistances (same class), co-selection (unrelated classes) for resistance, or potential carryover of resistance determinants from previous production cycles. The decreasing prevalence of resistance to homologous antimicrobials, MDR, and AMU quantity are suggestive that the turkey sector's AMU strategy is achieving its desired impact. However, antimicrobials previously eliminated for preventive use in turkey flocks and the use of highly important antimicrobials in human medicine suggest that the AMU reduction strategy should be monitored and re-evaluated periodically to mitigate the emergence of MDR bacteria and safeguard animal and public health.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Sulfisoxazole; Turkeys; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Prevalence; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ontario; Streptomycin
PubMed: 37486902
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282897 -
Veterinary World Dec 2022Domestic and wild animals are important reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to isolate from feces of domestic and wild animals at an...
Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of isolated from wild and domestic animals at an agricultural land interface area of Salaphra wildlife sanctuary, Thailand.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Domestic and wild animals are important reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to isolate from feces of domestic and wild animals at an agricultural land interface area of Salaphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, and study the phylogenic characteristics and antibiotic resistance in these isolates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, we randomly collected ground feces from free-ranging wild animals (deer and elephants) and domestic animals (cattle and goats). All fecal samples were inoculated onto MacConkey agar plates, and lactose-fermenting colonies were identified as . Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.
RESULTS
We obtained 362 isolates from the collected fecal samples. The isolates were categorized into four phylogenetic groups according to the virulence genes (, , and ). Phylogenetic Group D was predominant in the deer (41.67%) and elephants (63.29%), whereas phylogenetic Group B1 was predominant in the cattle (62.31%), and phylogenetic Groups A (36.36%) and B2 (33.33%) were predominant in the goats. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that most antibiotic-resistant were isolated from domestic goats (96.96%). Among the 362 isolates, 38 (10.5%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 21 (5.8%) were resistant to two antibiotics, and 6 (1.66%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Ampicillin (AMP) was the most common antibiotic (48.48%) to which the were resistant, followed by tetracycline (TET) (45.45%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.03%). One isolate from an elephant was resistant to five antibiotics: AMP, amoxicillin, sulfisoxazole, TET, and ciprofloxacin. Determination of antibiotic resistance genes confirmed that isolates carried antibiotic resistance genes associated with phenotypic resistance to antibiotics. Most antibiotic-resistant belonged to phylogenic Groups A and B1, and most non-resistant belonged to phylogenic Groups B2 and D.
CONCLUSION
Monitoring isolates from wild and domestic animals showed that all four phylogenic groups of have developed antibiotic resistance and are potential sources of multidrug resistance. High levels of antibiotic resistance have been linked to domestic animals. Our results support strengthening surveillance to monitor the emergence and effects of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in animals.
PubMed: 36718336
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2800-2809 -
Heliyon Sep 2022Water pollution that is caused by dyes, bacteria and antibiotics, has resulted in a threat to living organisms, animals and humans, hence there is a need to synthesize...
Water pollution that is caused by dyes, bacteria and antibiotics, has resulted in a threat to living organisms, animals and humans, hence there is a need to synthesize multifunctional materials that can be used for the degradation of various pollutants. The aim of this study was to synthesize Iron oxide (FeO) NPs and test this material for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity. The synthesis of Iron oxide (FeO) NPs was conducted using extract and characterised using UV-vis, XRD, BET, SEM, EDS and TGA. The material was then tested for its photocatalytic and antibacterial efficiency against methylene blue dye, antibiotic sulfisoxazole and bacterial strains. XRD confirmed the formation of FeO NPs. UV-vis gave optical information whereby an excitation at 320 nm and a bandgap of 3.74 eV was noted. The deposition of the phytochemicals onto the FeO NPs was demonstrated using FTIR. From the surface analysis, the morphology of the synthesized NPs was found to be rod like and mesoporous. Upon testing for methylene blue degradation, the FeO NPs were more potent under basic conditions (pH 12) and the O radicals were found to be the species responsible for the degradation. Against sulfisoxazole, a 60% degradation was observed. Lastly, when testing these materials against bacterial strains found in tap, pond, river and sewage water, they were potent in particular against gram positive strains. These results show that at optimum conditions, these materials are able to degrade various pollutants in wastewater.
PubMed: 36105454
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10536 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Developing a simple and efficient method for removing organic micropollutants from aqueous systems is crucial. The present study describes the preparation and...
Developing a simple and efficient method for removing organic micropollutants from aqueous systems is crucial. The present study describes the preparation and application, for the first time, of novel MXene-decorated bismuth ferrite nanocomposites (BiFeO/MXene) for the removal of six sulfonamides including sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamerazine (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SMTZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMXZ) and sulfisoxazole (SXZ). The properties of BiFeO/MXene are enhanced by the presence of BiFeO nanoparticles, which provide a large surface area to facilitate the removal of sulfonamides. More importantly, BiFeO/MXene composites demonstrated remarkable sulfonamide adsorption capabilities compared to pristine MXene, which is due to the synergistic effect between BiFeO and MXene. The kinetics and isotherm models of sulfonamide adsorption on BiFeO/MXene are consistent with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. BiFeO/MXene had appreciable reusability after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, BiFeO/MXene is stable and retains its original properties upon desorption. The present work provides an effective method for eliminating sulfonamides from water by exploiting the excellent texture properties of BiFeO/MXene.
Topics: Sulfonamides; Bismuth; Sulfanilamide; Water; Nanocomposites; Adsorption; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Kinetics
PubMed: 36838529
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041541 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020The study aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence factors in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli recovered from different...
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence factors in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli recovered from different anthropogenic areas in North Carolina.
METHODS
Soil samples were collected from different anthropogenic areas, urban and natural. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis were done to identify the AMR determinants and virulence factors.
RESULTS
A higher prevalence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli was detected in the urban environment. The Salmonella spp. isolates showed resistance to sulfisoxazole and streptomycin, whereas E. coli was resistant to sulfisoxazole, cefoxitin and ampicillin. Salmonella serotypes Schwarzengrund and Mississippi were identified based on WGS analysis. Aminoglycoside resistance genes and IncFIB and IncFIC(FII) plasmids were detected among Salmonella spp. In general, E. coli was predominated by isolates from phylogroups B1, B2 and D. The multidrug transporter mdfA gene was detected in most of the E. coli from both the urban (100%) and natural (84.5%) environments. The FosA7 gene was detected in an isolate from a residential yard. The pCoo and pB171 plasmids were detected in an urban environment; col(156) and pHN7A8 plasmids were detected in natural environments.
CONCLUSIONS
The detection of AMR determinants and virulence factors in these bacteria is significant in understanding the occurrence and even the development of AMR. The presence of these determinants in different anthropogenic areas suggests the need to conduct longitudinal studies for comparing the profile of pathogens across different environments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Salmonella; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32534045
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.016 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Nov 2010An outbreak of cholera is ongoing in Haiti. On October 21, 2010, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor was identified by the National Laboratory...
An outbreak of cholera is ongoing in Haiti. On October 21, 2010, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor was identified by the National Laboratory of Public Health of the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Haiti. Identification of the isolate was confirmed by CDC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of selected V. cholerae O1 isolates conducted at the National Laboratory of Public Health and at CDC demonstrated susceptibility to tetracycline (susceptibility to this drug predicts doxycycline susceptibility), ciprofloxacin, and kanamycin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin.
Topics: Cholera; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Haiti; Humans; Serotyping; Vibrio cholerae O1; Water Supply
PubMed: 21048563
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Widely distributed multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria threaten animals and human health. Nevertheless, few antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveys of large-scale...
Widely distributed multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria threaten animals and human health. Nevertheless, few antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveys of large-scale animal-derived bacteria have been explored. Here, 1,468 (97.54%) Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 1,505 pig (1,060) and chicken (445) anal swab samples from 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2020. These isolates had a high resistance to tetracycline (92.92%), sulfisoxazole (93.05%), florfenicol (83.11%), and ampicillin (78.27%). More than 88.68% of the strains were MDR bacteria. A low AMR ratio to the "last-resort" antimicrobials tigecycline (0.75%), colistin (1.36%), and meropenem (0.75%) were found. The AMR of E. coli from pigs was higher than that of chickens. Eighteen strains among 31 MDR strains that were resistant to "last-resort" antimicrobials could transfer the AMR genes (, (X), and ) to the recipient strain J53, which confer colistin, tigecycline, and carbapenem resistance, respectively. The homology among -carrying isolates was relatively high, and the sequence types were mainly ST5529, ST101, and ST354, while the homology of isolates harboring (X4) and genes were different. The , , and (X4) genes in strains LS45, JH51, and TZ118 were identified on the Incl2, IncHI2, and IncX1 plasmids, respectively. Moreover, (A), , and were the most common ARGs in 31 strains. Additionally, the heavy metals copper and zinc had a significant correlation with amoxicillin/clavulanate and tetracycline resistance. Controlling the movement of animals between cities and reducing the use of antimicrobials are effective methods to reduce the threat of AMR bacteria. Pigs and chickens are the most common food animals that are the important vectors for spreading antimicrobial-resistant pathogens among animals and humans. Limited systematic AMR monitoring of these food animal origin bacteria had been reported, especially in developed areas of China. Our study provides a comprehensive and systematic study of AMR in Escherichia coli from eastern China. The AMR of E. coli strains among the animals or cities has statistically significant differences. Moreover, the , (X4), and genes, considered resistant to the last line of AMR, were identified in part of farms. The transferability and the prevalence of these AMR strains were intensively studied. Our monitoring is comparable to human clinical research and has an essential reference for public health safety. These findings will provide early warning for AMR strains and guide the clinical use of antibiotics to control the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Swine; Tigecycline
PubMed: 35950758
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02015-22 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2014Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species are threatening to become a serious public health problem. Therefore, surveillance and prudent use of antimicrobials is needed...
Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species are threatening to become a serious public health problem. Therefore, surveillance and prudent use of antimicrobials is needed in both the agricultural and human health sectors. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates recovered from healthy broiler chickens at slaughter from November 2004 to April 2005. Salmonella isolates recovered from 36 broiler flocks in Alberta, Canada, were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against 15 antimicrobials. Of 272 Salmonella isolates tested, 64.0% were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, 10.0% were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and 1.8% were resistant to five antimicrobials. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. The highest prevalence of resistance was to tetracycline (54.8%), followed by streptomycin (24.2%) and sulfisoxazole (8.4%). The most common multiantimicrobial resistance patterns were to streptomycin-tetracycline (24.3%), streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline (6.6%), and ampicillin-streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline (3.7%). The strongest associations were observed between resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline (odds ratio = 65.7, P = 0.001) and to ampicillin and sulfisoxazole (odds ratio = 62.9, P = 0.001). Salmonella Hadar and Salmonella Heidelberg were the two most common serovars accounting for 40.4 and 13.6% of the total isolates, respectively. Eighty-one percent and 12.7% of Salmonella Hadar isolates and 62.0 and 8.1% of Salmonella Heidelberg isolates were resistant to 1 or more and three or more antimicrobials, respectively. The flock level prevalence of resistance ranged from 5.6% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to 83.3% for tetracycline. This study provides baseline information on antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates of broiler chickens at slaughter in Alberta that can serve as a benchmark for future research.
Topics: Alberta; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence; Salmonella
PubMed: 24674442
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-363 -
BMC Genomics Apr 2022Of the > 2600 Salmonella serovars, Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- (serovar I 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged as one of the most common causes of human...
BACKGROUND
Of the > 2600 Salmonella serovars, Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- (serovar I 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged as one of the most common causes of human salmonellosis and the most frequent multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar in the U.S. Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolates have been described globally with resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ASSuT) and an integrative and conjugative element with multi-metal tolerance named Salmonella Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4).
RESULTS
We analyzed 13,612 serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences available in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database to determine global distribution, animal sources, presence of SGI-4, occurrence of R-type ASSuT, frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and potential transmission clusters. Genome sequences for serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strains represented 30 countries from 5 continents (North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America), but sequences from the United States (59%) and the United Kingdom (28%) were dominant. The metal tolerance island SGI-4 and the R-type ASSuT were present in 71 and 55% of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences, respectively. Sixty-five percent of strain sequences were MDR which correlates to serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- being the most frequent MDR serovar. The distribution of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database suggests that swine-associated strain sequences were the most frequent food-animal source and were significantly more likely to contain the metal tolerance island SGI-4 and genes for MDR compared to all other animal-associated isolate sequences.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study illustrates how analysis of genomic sequences from the NCBI Pathogen Detection database can be utilized to identify the prevalence of genetic features such as antimicrobial resistance, metal tolerance, and virulence genes that may be responsible for the successful emergence of bacterial foodborne pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genomic Islands; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Serogroup; Swine; United States
PubMed: 35387579
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08458-z