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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020and are common bacteria of the human ear. They have frequently been isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media (OM), though their potential role in... (Review)
Review
and are common bacteria of the human ear. They have frequently been isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media (OM), though their potential role in this disease remains unclear and confounded due to their presence as commensal inhabitants of the external auditory canal. In this review, we summarize the current literature on these organisms with an emphasis on their role in OM. Much of the literature focuses on the presence and abundance of these organisms, and little work has been done to explore their activity in the middle ear. We find there is currently insufficient evidence available to determine whether these organisms are pathogens, commensals or contribute indirectly to the pathogenesis of OM. However, building on the knowledge currently available, we suggest future approaches aimed at providing stronger evidence to determine whether and are involved in the pathogenesis of OM. Such evidence will increase our understanding of the microbial risk factors contributing to OM and may lead to novel treatment approaches for severe and recurrent disease.
Topics: Bacteria; Carnobacteriaceae; Child; Corynebacterium; Humans; Otitis Media
PubMed: 32117817
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00051 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T....
Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T. otitidis is frequently associated with otitis media. The emergence of Turicella otitidis as a pathogen is concerning, particularly due to the limited availability of data on its pathogenic properties. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of T. otitidis infections occurring in both the ear and other anatomical sites, and to summarize the differences in metabolism and genome sequences between isolates obtained from the ear and blood.
Topics: Child; Humans; Virulence; Otitis Media; Corynebacterium; Actinomycetales
PubMed: 37891485
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08721-y -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Corynebacterium ulcerans is a closely related bacterium to the diphtheria bacterium C. diphtheriae, and some C. ulcerans strains produce toxins that are similar to... (Review)
Review
Corynebacterium ulcerans is a closely related bacterium to the diphtheria bacterium C. diphtheriae, and some C. ulcerans strains produce toxins that are similar to diphtheria toxin. C. ulcerans is widely distributed in the environment and is considered one of the most harmful pathogens to livestock and wildlife. Infection with C. ulcerans can cause respiratory or nonrespiratory symptoms in patients. Recently, the microorganism has been increasingly recognized as an emerging zoonotic agent of diphtheria-like illness in Japan. To clarify the overall clinical characteristics, treatment-related factors, and outcomes of C. ulcerans infection, we analyzed 34 cases of C. ulcerans that occurred in Japan during 2001-2020. During 2010-2020, the incidence rate of C. ulcerans infection increased markedly, and the overall mortality rate was 5.9%. It is recommended that adults be vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid vaccine to prevent the spread of this infection.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diphtheria; Japan; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria Toxin; Diphtheria Toxoid
PubMed: 37486266
DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.220058 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jul 2016The genus Corynebacterium represents a taxon of Gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in the genomic DNA. Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is an unusual member of... (Review)
Review
The genus Corynebacterium represents a taxon of Gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in the genomic DNA. Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii is an unusual member of this taxon as it lacks the characteristic mycolic acids in the cell envelope. Genome sequence analysis of the C. kroppenstedtii type strain has revealed a lipophilic (lipid-requiring) lifestyle and a remarkable repertoire of carbohydrate uptake and utilization systems. Clinical isolates of C. kroppenstedtii have been obtained almost exclusively from female patients and mainly from breast abscesses and cases of granulomatous mastitis. However, the role of C. kroppenstedtii in breast pathologies remains unclear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomy, microbiology, and microbiological identification of C. kroppenstedtii, including polyphasic phenotypic approaches, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A clinical review presents reported cases, various antimicrobial treatments, antibiotic susceptibility assays, and antibiotic resistance genes detected during genome sequencing. C. kroppenstedtii must be considered a potential opportunistic human pathogen and should be identified accurately in clinical laboratories.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Breast; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Humans
PubMed: 27155209
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.023 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2013The shortage of oil resources, the steadily rising oil prices and the impact of its use on the environment evokes an increasing political, industrial and technical... (Review)
Review
The shortage of oil resources, the steadily rising oil prices and the impact of its use on the environment evokes an increasing political, industrial and technical interest for development of safe and efficient processes for the production of chemicals from renewable biomass. Thus, microbial fermentation of renewable feedstocks found its way in white biotechnology, complementing more and more traditional crude oil-based chemical processes. Rational strain design of appropriate microorganisms has become possible due to steadily increasing knowledge on metabolism and pathway regulation of industrially relevant organisms and, aside from process engineering and optimization, has an outstanding impact on improving the performance of such hosts. Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as workhorse for the industrial production of numerous amino acids. However, recent studies also explored the usefulness of this organism for the production of several organic acids and great efforts have been made for improvement of the performance. This review summarizes the current knowledge and recent achievements on metabolic engineering approaches to tailor C. glutamicum for the bio-based production of organic acids. We focus here on the fermentative production of pyruvate, L- and D-lactate, 2-ketoisovalerate, 2-ketoglutarate, and succinate. These organic acids represent a class of compounds with manifold application ranges, e.g. in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, as food additives, and economically very interesting, as precursors for a variety of bulk chemicals and commercially important polymers.
Topics: Biotechnology; Carboxylic Acids; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Fermentation; Genetic Engineering; Metabolic Engineering; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 23199277
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12013 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2021
Topics: Corynebacterium; Humans; Otitis
PubMed: 33715319
DOI: 10.37201/req/144.2020 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2021A 10-year-old boy treated for alkali injury with multiple interventions presented with a perforated corneal ulcer with clinically suspected bacterial aetiology. Cornea...
A 10-year-old boy treated for alkali injury with multiple interventions presented with a perforated corneal ulcer with clinically suspected bacterial aetiology. Cornea scraping and tissue adhesive application were planned. During surgery, an eyelash was found embedded at the perforated site. Gram staining of corneal scraping revealed the presence of Gram-positive bacilli on the first day which later was identified as with culture followed by VITEK V.2.0 (Biomerieux) identification. The bacterium was found to be sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and vancomycin antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Coryneform bacteria is a rare cause of keratitis, and this is the first reported case of microbial keratitis caused by one of the rare corynebacterium species to the best of our knowledge. Literature search does not reveal any specific ocular features typical to this organism. This case supports the growing evidence for pathogenicity of in ocular samples. This study demonstrates the utility of VITEK for the identification of rare pathogen and may facilitate the use of certain antibiotics in the treatment regimen of infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Corynebacterium; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ofloxacin
PubMed: 34210697
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241371 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Dec 2005
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Humans; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16341357
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182005000600008 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2018spp. are rarely considered pathogens, but data on spp. as a cause of orthopedic infections are sparse. Therefore, we asked how often spp. caused an infection in a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
spp. are rarely considered pathogens, but data on spp. as a cause of orthopedic infections are sparse. Therefore, we asked how often spp. caused an infection in a defined cohort of orthopedic patients with a positive culture. In addition, we aimed to determine the species variety and the susceptibility of isolated strains to define potential treatment strategies. We retrospectively assessed all bone and joint samples that were collected between 2006 and 2015 from an orthopedic ward and that were positive for spp. by culture. The isolates were considered relevant to an infection if the same sp. was present in at least two samples. We found 97 orthopedic cases with isolation of spp. (128 positive samples). These were mainly ( = 26), ( = 17), ( = 13), and ( = 11). Compared to the species found in a cohort of patients with positive blood cultures hospitalized in nonorthopedic wards, we found significantly more - and -positive cases but no -positive cases in our orthopedic cohort. Only 16 out of 66 cases (24.2%) with an available diagnostic set of at least two samples had an infection. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) showed various susceptibility results for all antibiotics except vancomycin and linezolid, to which 100% of the isolates were susceptible. The rates of susceptibility of corynebacteria isolated from orthopedic samples and of isolates from blood cultures were comparable. In conclusion, our study results confirmed that a sp. is most often isolated as a contaminant in a cohort of orthopedic patients. AST is necessary to define the optimal treatment in orthopedic infections.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacteremia; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30305384
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01200-18 -
Annales de Biologie Clinique 1998The microbiologists use the term corynebacteria to describe aerobically growing, asporogenous, irregularly sharped gram-positive rods. They comprise strictly aerobic... (Review)
Review
The microbiologists use the term corynebacteria to describe aerobically growing, asporogenous, irregularly sharped gram-positive rods. They comprise strictly aerobic bacteria isolated from environment as well as preferentially anaerobic bacteria found in clinical specimens. A large part of these bacteria is considered as commensal of skin and mucous membranes. This group of organisms has recently been subjected to considerable taxonomic revisions, which have resulted in the proposal of several new species, many of them representing previous Centers for Diseases Control coryneform groups. Moreover, recent investigations demonstrated the existence of a pathogenic role for some of them. These bacteria comprise well-known pathogens such as C. diphtheriae responsible for diphtheria, Actinomyces spp. responsible for actinomycosis and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum recovered from pharyngitis, but other corynebacteria were related to particular infections. For example, the lipophilic and antibiotics multiresistant species Corynebacterium urealyticum and C. jeikeium were found to be responsible for urinary tract infections and septicemias, respectively. The recently described species Turicella otitidis was found to be implicated in otitis media and C. seminale were recovered from genital specimens of male patients. Implantation of material devices, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics led to an increase of sepsis due to the species C. jeikeium and C. amycolatum. Many of the new Actinomyces species grow well under aerobic conditions and are often implicated in various abscesses. Moreover an increase of immunocompromised patients led to the development of infections due to the aerobic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi. The association of some corynebacteria with particular diseases should prompt the microbiologist to identify these bacteria when they are encountered in a pathogenic situation. Identification of the major part of corynebacteria isolated from clinical specimens can now be achieved by using recent schemes.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 9754261
DOI: No ID Found