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Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences May 2023
Topics: Humans; Bioethics
PubMed: 37576176
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.1 -
Bioethics and Universal Vulnerability: Exploring the Ethics and Practices of Research Participation.Medical Law Review May 2020In this article, we advocate the adoption of universal vulnerability as a core value in bioethics. We argue that understanding vulnerability as the universal human...
In this article, we advocate the adoption of universal vulnerability as a core value in bioethics. We argue that understanding vulnerability as the universal human condition-and rejecting the labelling of particular individuals or groups as vulnerable-would benefit bioethics and the research it governs. Bioethics first engaged with vulnerability in the context of participation in research and this continues to define how the value is typically understood. Thus, vulnerability is generally deployed to describe individuals (or populations), where real or perceived deficiencies limit the ability to function and to protect themselves from risks. Revisiting this initial context and the participation in research of people living with dementia, we note that the bioethical position of excluding the 'vulnerable' from research has led to major gaps in evidence and knowledge to inform care and support. Turning to universal vulnerability, we consider the research design and practices that the approach would mandate. We emphasise the importance of inclusive design and mechanisms of institutional support that enable participation. We argue that these positively impact on the scientific value of research and address social justice concerns around social inclusion. Our aim is to provoke a fundamental reassessment of how vulnerability is conceived of in bioethics.
Topics: Bioethics; Biomedical Research; Dementia; Humans; Research Design; Research Subjects; Universal Design; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 32524142
DOI: 10.1093/medlaw/fwz026 -
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Apr 2023It is argued that the emergence of controversial views in discussions of theoretical medicine and bioethics is best explained by the assumption of moral realism within...
It is argued that the emergence of controversial views in discussions of theoretical medicine and bioethics is best explained by the assumption of moral realism within those discursive practices. Neither of the main alternatives of realism in contemporary meta-ethics - moral expressivism and anti-realism - can account for the rise of controversies in the bioethical debate. This argument draws from the contemporary expressivist or anti-representationalist pragmatism as advanced by Richard Rorty and Huw Price, as well as the pragmatist scientific realism and fallibilism of the founder of pragmatism, Charles S. Peirce. In accordance with the fallibilist view, it is proposed that presenting controversial positions may serve epistemic purposes within bioethical debates, providing opportunities for inquiry by pointing towards problems to be solved and arguments and evidence for and against to be put forward.
Topics: Humans; Morals; Bioethics; Dissent and Disputes
PubMed: 36867309
DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09616-4 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Transplantation, Heterologous; Bioethics
PubMed: 36738646
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100170 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Aug 2019
Topics: Bioethics; Confidentiality; Humans; Narcissism; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 31389499
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.7.932 -
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2018Bioethics education and discussions about ethical dilemmas are being increasingly reduced to teaching students how to balance the four, easily memorised philosophical...
Bioethics education and discussions about ethical dilemmas are being increasingly reduced to teaching students how to balance the four, easily memorised philosophical principles popularised by influential American philosophers Tom Beauchamp and Jim Childress. The reality is that human beings approach and comprehend moral issues in diverse ways shaped by shared histories, cultural norms and values, kinship systems, lived experiences and existing socio-political realities. Therefore, ethical discourse limited to a culturally myopic Principlism that disregards the indigenous landscape can be an abstract and meaningless venture. The different moral lenses through which people can view the same issue is highlighted in this essay. It compares the analyses offered by American bioethicist Arthur Caplan of the blocking of polio vaccination by militants in northern Pakistan and of issues related to posthumous insemination, with the more nuanced, contextualised discussions about both topics offered by Pakistani students of bioethics in our Center. For this discipline to resonate with and make an impact on those we teach, an inclusive, more reflective and socially relevant approach is required. In my opinion, bioethics is a contact sport that should not be transformed into merely an academic exercise.
Topics: Bioethical Issues; Bioethics; Cultural Diversity; Culture; Ethical Analysis; Ethnicity; Humans; Pakistan; Principle-Based Ethics; Problem-Based Learning; Students; United States
PubMed: 29233798
DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2017.086 -
Bioethics Nov 2022Topic modeling-a text-mining technique often used to uncover thematic structures in large collections of texts-has been increasingly frequently used in the context of...
Topic modeling-a text-mining technique often used to uncover thematic structures in large collections of texts-has been increasingly frequently used in the context of the analysis of scholarly output. In this study, we construct a corpus of 19,488 texts published since 1971 in seven leading journals in the field of bioethics and philosophy of medicine, and we use a machine learning algorithm to identify almost 100 topics representing distinct themes of interest in the field. On the basis of intertopic correlations, we group the content-based topics into eight clusters, thus providing a novel, fine-grained intellectual map of bioethics and philosophy of medicine. Moreover, we conduct a number of diachronic analyses, examining how the "prominence" of different topics has changed across time. In this way, we are able to observe the distinct patterns in which bioethics and philosophy of medicine have evolved and changed their focus over the past half a century.
Topics: Humans; Bioethics; Philosophy; Medicine
PubMed: 36170119
DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13087 -
Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy Jun 2009Our approach to global bioethics will depend, among other things, on how we answer the questions whether global bioethics is possible and whether it, if it is possible,... (Review)
Review
Our approach to global bioethics will depend, among other things, on how we answer the questions whether global bioethics is possible and whether it, if it is possible, is desirable. Our approach to global bioethics will also vary depending on whether we believe that the required bioethical deliberation should take as its principal point of departure that which we have in common or that which we have in common and that on which we differ. The aim of this article is to elaborate a theoretical underpinning for a bioethics that acknowledges the diversity of traditions and experiences without leading to relativism. The theoretical underpinning will be elaborated through an exploration of the concepts of sameness, otherness, self and other, and through a discussion of the conditions for understanding and critical reflection. Furthermore, the article discusses whether the principle of respect for the other as both the same and different can function as the normative core of this global bioethics. The article also discusses the New Jersey Death Definition Law and the Japanese Transplantation Law. These laws are helpful in order to highlight possible implications of the principle of respect for the other as both the same and different. Both of these laws open the door to more than one concept of death within one and the same legal system. Both of them relate preference for a particular concept of death to religious and/or cultural beliefs.
Topics: Attitude to Death; Bioethical Issues; Bioethics; Cultural Characteristics; Cultural Diversity; Human Characteristics; Humans; Personal Autonomy; Personality; Personhood; Social Environment; Social Values; Value of Life
PubMed: 19225904
DOI: 10.1007/s11019-009-9186-y -
Bioethics Jun 2010The concept of dignity is pervasive in bioethics. However, some bioethicists have argued that it is useless on three grounds: that it is indeterminate; that it is...
The concept of dignity is pervasive in bioethics. However, some bioethicists have argued that it is useless on three grounds: that it is indeterminate; that it is reactionary; and that it is redundant. In response, a number of defences of dignity have recently emerged. All of these defences claim that when dignity is suitably clarified, it can be of great use in helping us tackle bioethical controversies. This paper rejects such defences of dignity. It outlines the four most plausible conceptions of dignity: dignity as virtuous behaviour; dignity as inherent moral worth; Kantian dignity; and dignity as species integrity. It argues that while each conception is coherent, each is also fundamentally flawed. As such, the paper argues for a bioethics without dignity: an 'undignified bioethics.'
Topics: Bioethical Issues; Bioethics; Human Rights; Humanism; Humans; Moral Obligations; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Philosophy; Principle-Based Ethics; Virtues
PubMed: 20002071
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01781.x -
Psychiatria Danubina 2021In this paper we see the personality of man through his comprehension as a moral entity. An entity that emerges, thinks morally and/or behaves morally, inseparable from...
In this paper we see the personality of man through his comprehension as a moral entity. An entity that emerges, thinks morally and/or behaves morally, inseparable from the society in which he lives as a moral being, and by its moral thinking and/or behaviour further defines the morals of the whole society. Accordingly, we present (post)modern society as a society of tolerance of value ambiguity. In that kind of society we perceive medical situation as moral situation and define the role of medical ethics in the field of biomedicine. In that kind of society politics is perceived as one of the social spheres where different varieties of systems of values of individuals or groups are publicly embraced, touched, or terribly unhappily pursued... all in the name of understanding man and his world. In order to prevent the victory of Thanatos, who prevails in the contemporary concept of politics and in postmodern global society, we suggest implementing applied bioethics as a form of metapolitics as an answer. We explain the idea of bioethics and suggest bioethical education as the operationalisation of metapolitics through bioethics as orientation knowledge, in both medicine and politics.
Topics: Bioethics; Ethics; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Morals; Politics; Psychiatry
PubMed: 35026832
DOI: No ID Found