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Advanced Healthcare Materials Feb 2019Biomaterial-mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many... (Review)
Review
Biomaterial-mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many biomaterial technologies that have been designed to evade or suppress inflammation (i.e., delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrophobic coatings, etc.), many materials are still subject to a foreign body response, resulting in encapsulation of dense, scar-like extracellular matrix. The primary cells involved in biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are macrophages, which modulate inflammation, and fibroblasts, which primarily lay down new extracellular matrix. While macrophages and fibroblasts are implicated in driving biomaterial-mediated fibrosis, the signaling pathways and spatiotemporal crosstalk between these cell types remain loosely defined. In this review, the role of M1 and M2 macrophages (and soluble cues) involved in the fibrous encapsulation of biomaterials in vivo is investigated, with additional focus on fibroblast and macrophage crosstalk in vitro along with in vitro models to study the foreign body response. Lastly, several strategies that have been used to specifically modulate macrophage and fibroblast behavior in vitro and in vivo to control biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Humans; Macrophages
PubMed: 30658015
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801451 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022The following review is focused on carrageenan, a heteroglycan-based substance that is a very significant wound healing biomaterial. Every biomaterial has advantages and... (Review)
Review
The following review is focused on carrageenan, a heteroglycan-based substance that is a very significant wound healing biomaterial. Every biomaterial has advantages and weaknesses of its own, but these drawbacks are typically outweighed by combining the material in various ways with other substances. Carrageenans' key benefits include their water solubility, which enables them to keep the wound and periwound damp and absorb the wound exudate. They have low cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant qualities, do not stick to the wound bed, and hence do not cause pain when removed from the wounded region. When combined with other materials, they can aid in hemostasis. This review emphasizes the advantages of using carrageenan for wound healing, including the use of several mixes that improve its properties.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Biocompatible Materials; Carrageenan; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36012381
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169117 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2020Casein-based hydrogels are biocompatible, biodegradable, renewable, easy to obtain, inexpensive, and non-toxic. They exist in different physicochemical states, e.g.... (Review)
Review
Casein-based hydrogels are biocompatible, biodegradable, renewable, easy to obtain, inexpensive, and non-toxic. They exist in different physicochemical states, e.g. particle hydrogels, which can be dived in suspensions or emulsions and macro hydrogels that are gel colloid type. These biomaterials have drawn increasing attention in recent years due to their abilities to form networks of different tensile strengths and to encapsulate, protect and release biomolecules. This mini-review outlines the recent advances in casein-based hydrogel research and the uses of casein-based hydrogels as drug delivery system for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. The food and biomedical potential along with possible future uses of the casein-based hydrogels are discussed throughout the document.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Caseins; Drug Delivery Systems; Food; Humans; Hydrogels
PubMed: 31951886
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126063 -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Dec 2022Inflammasomes are intracellular structures formed upon the assembly of several proteins that have a considerable size and are very important in innate immune responses... (Review)
Review
Inflammasomes are intracellular structures formed upon the assembly of several proteins that have a considerable size and are very important in innate immune responses being key players in host defense. They are assembled after the perception of pathogens or danger signals. The activation of the inflammasome pathway induces the production of high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 through the caspase activation. The procedure for the implantation of a biomaterial causes tissue injury, and the injured cells will secrete danger signals recognized by the inflammasome. There is growing evidence that the inflammasome participates in a number of inflammatory processes, including pathogen clearance, chronic inflammation and tissue repair. Therefore, the control of the inflammasome activity is a promising target in the development of capable approaches to be applied in regenerative medicine. In this review, we revisit current knowledge of the inflammasome in the inflammatory response to biomaterials and point to the yet underexplored potential of the inflammasome in the context of immunomodulation.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; Biocompatible Materials; Interleukin-1beta; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 36327091
DOI: 10.1002/term.3361 -
Annual Review of Immunology Apr 2023Modulation of the immune system is an important therapeutic strategy in a wide range of diseases, and is fundamental to the development of vaccines. However, optimally... (Review)
Review
Modulation of the immune system is an important therapeutic strategy in a wide range of diseases, and is fundamental to the development of vaccines. However, optimally safe and effective immunotherapy requires precision in the delivery of stimulatory cues to the right cells at the right place and time, to avoid toxic overstimulation in healthy tissues or incorrect programming of the immune response. To this end, biomaterials are being developed to control the location, dose, and timing of vaccines and immunotherapies. Here we discuss fundamental concepts of how biomaterials are used to enhance immune modulation, and evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of how biomaterials-mediated immune engineering can impact the development of new therapeutics. We focus on immunological mechanisms of action and in vivo modulation of the immune system, and we also discuss challenges to be overcome to speed translation of these technologies to the clinic.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Immunotherapy; Immune System; Vaccines; Immunity; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36696570
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-040259 -
Chemical Reviews Aug 2018The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular... (Review)
Review
The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular polypeptide, oligonucleotide, and glycan structures have been extensively reviewed, along with the influence of attachment on material structure and function, the key role played by the conjugation strategy in determining activity is often overlooked. In this review, we focus on the chemistry of biomolecule conjugation and provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies for achieving controlled biomaterial functionalization. No universal method exists to provide optimal attachment, and here we will discuss both the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technique. In doing so, we highlight the importance of carefully considering the impact and suitability of a particular technique during biomaterial design.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Oligonucleotides; Peptides; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 30040387
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00253 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Apr 2020Many pathologic conditions lead to the development of tissue scarring and fibrosis, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM)... (Review)
Review
Many pathologic conditions lead to the development of tissue scarring and fibrosis, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) and changes in tissue mechanical properties. Cells within fibrotic tissues are exposed to dynamic microenvironments that may promote or prolong fibrosis, which makes it difficult to treat. Biomaterials have proved indispensable to better understand how cells sense their extracellular environment and are now being employed to study fibrosis in many tissues. As mechanical testing of tissues becomes more routine and biomaterial tools become more advanced, the impact of biophysical factors in fibrosis are beginning to be understood. Herein, fibrosis from a materials perspective is reviewed, including the role and mechanical properties of ECM components, the spatiotemporal mechanical changes that occur during fibrosis, current biomaterial systems to study fibrosis, and emerging biomaterial systems and tools that can further the understanding of fibrosis initiation and progression. This review concludes by highlighting considerations in promoting wide-spread use of biomaterials for fibrosis investigations and by suggesting future in vivo studies that it is hoped will inspire the development of even more advanced biomaterial systems.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Extracellular Matrix; Fibrosis; Humans
PubMed: 32181987
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901682 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The purpose of this Special Issue was to review research focusing on the development of formulations based on chitosan or its derivatives together with other molecules,...
The purpose of this Special Issue was to review research focusing on the development of formulations based on chitosan or its derivatives together with other molecules, producing biomaterials with improved physicochemical properties and effects [...].
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Chitosan
PubMed: 38003340
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216150 -
Theranostics 2023Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation, involving multiple cellular dysfunctions and tissue... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation, involving multiple cellular dysfunctions and tissue lesions. The non-vascular environment and dense cartilage matrix in the joints tend to block drug penetration, resulting in low drug bioavailability. There is a desire to develop safer and more effective OA therapies to meet the challenges of an aging world population in the future. Biomaterials have achieved satisfactory results in improving drug targeting, prolonging the duration of action, and achieving precision therapy. This article reviews the current basic understanding of the pathological mechanisms and clinical treatment dilemmas of OA, summarizes and discusses the advances for different kinds of targeted and responsive biomaterials in OA, seeking to provide new perspectives for the treatment of OA. Subsequently, limitations and challenges in clinical translation and biosafety are analyzed to guide the development of future therapeutic strategies for OA. As the need for precision medicine rises over time, emerging multifunctional biomaterials based on tissue targeting and controlled release will become an irreplaceable part of OA management.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Chondrocytes; Osteoarthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Inflammation
PubMed: 36793867
DOI: 10.7150/thno.78639 -
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative... Jun 2023Various immune cells participate in repair and regeneration following tissue injury or damage, orchestrating tissue inflammation and regeneration processes. A deeper... (Review)
Review
Various immune cells participate in repair and regeneration following tissue injury or damage, orchestrating tissue inflammation and regeneration processes. A deeper understanding of the immune system's involvement in tissue repair and regeneration is critical for the development of successful reparatory and regenerative strategies. Here we review recent technologies that facilitate cell-based and biomaterial-based modulation of the immune systems for tissue repair and regeneration. First, we summarize the roles of various types of immune cells in tissue repair. Second, we review the principle, examples, and limitations of regulatory T (Treg) cell-based therapy, a representative cell-based immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss biomaterial-based immunotherapy strategies that aim to modulate immune cells using various biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.
Topics: Regeneration; Immunity; Biocompatible Materials; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 36920675
DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00525-0