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Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Jan 2019Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive... (Review)
Review
Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano-biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neurons; Regenerative Medicine; Robotics; Spinal Cord; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30565732
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804041 -
Trends in Biotechnology Apr 2024The surge in 'Big data' has significantly influenced biomaterials research and development, with vast data volumes emerging from clinical trials, scientific literature,... (Review)
Review
The surge in 'Big data' has significantly influenced biomaterials research and development, with vast data volumes emerging from clinical trials, scientific literature, electronic health records, and other sources. Biocompatibility is essential in developing safe medical devices and biomaterials to perform as intended without provoking adverse reactions. Therefore, establishing an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven biocompatibility definition has become decisive for automating data extraction and profiling safety effectiveness. This definition should both reflect the attributes related to biocompatibility and be compatible with computational data-mining methods. Here, we discuss the need for a comprehensive and contemporary definition of biocompatibility and the challenges in developing one. We also identify the key elements that comprise biocompatibility, and propose an integrated biocompatibility definition that enables data-mining approaches.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biocompatible Materials; Data Mining; Electronic Health Records
PubMed: 37858386
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.015 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Sep 2022Porcine notochordal cell-derived matrix (NCM) has anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects on degenerated intervertebral discs. For its clinical use, safety must be...
Porcine notochordal cell-derived matrix (NCM) has anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects on degenerated intervertebral discs. For its clinical use, safety must be assured. The porcine DNA is concerning because of (1) the transmission of endogenous retroviruses and (2) the inflammatory potential of cell-free DNA. Here, we present a simple, detergent-free protocol: tissue lyophilization lyses cells, and matrix integrity is preserved by limiting swelling during decellularization. DNA is digested quickly by a high nuclease concentration, followed by a short washout. Ninety-four percent of DNA was removed, and there was no loss of glycosaminoglycans or collagen. Forty-three percent of the total proteins remained in the decellularized NCM (dNCM). dNCM stimulated as much GAG production as NCM in nucleus pulposus cells but lost some anti-inflammatory effects. Reconstituted pulverized dNCM yielded a soft, shear-thinning biomaterial with a swelling ratio of 350% that also acted as an injectable cell carrier (cell viability >70%). dNCM can therefore be used as the basis for future biomaterials aimed at disc regeneration on a biological level and may restore joint mechanics by creating swelling pressure within the intervertebral disc.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biocompatible Materials; DNA; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Nucleus Pulposus; Swine
PubMed: 35942885
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00790 -
Biomaterials Apr 2022Across diverse research and application areas, dynamic functionality-such as programmable changes in biochemical property, in mechanical property, or in microscopic or... (Review)
Review
Across diverse research and application areas, dynamic functionality-such as programmable changes in biochemical property, in mechanical property, or in microscopic or macroscopic architecture-is an increasingly common biomaterials design criterion, joining long-studied criteria such as cytocompatibility and biocompatibility, drug release kinetics, and controlled degradability or long-term stability in vivo. Despite tremendous effort, achieving dynamic functionality while simultaneously maintaining other desired design criteria remains a significant challenge. Reversible dynamic functionality, rather than one-time or one-way dynamic functionality, is of particular interest but has proven especially challenging. Such reversible functionality could enable studies that address the current gap between the dynamic nature of in vivo biological and biomechanical processes, such as cell traction, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, and cell-mediated ECM remodeling, and the static nature of the substrates and ECM constructs used to study the processes. This review assesses dynamic materials that have traditionally been used to control cell activity and static biomaterial constructs, experimental and computational techniques, with features that may inform continued advances in reversible dynamic materials. Taken together, this review presents a perspective on combining the reversibility of smart materials and the in-depth dynamic cell behavior probed by static polymers to design smart bi-directional ECM platforms that can reversibly and repeatedly communicate with cells.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Extracellular Matrix
PubMed: 35247636
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121450 -
Biomaterials Nov 2000The utility of implanted sensors, drug-delivery systems, immunoisolation devices, engineered cells, and engineered tissues can be limited by inadequate transport to and... (Review)
Review
The utility of implanted sensors, drug-delivery systems, immunoisolation devices, engineered cells, and engineered tissues can be limited by inadequate transport to and from the circulation. As the primary function of the microvasculature is to facilitate transport between the circulation and the surrounding tissue, interactions between biomaterials and the microvasculature have been explored to understand the mechanisms controlling transport to implanted objects and ultimately improve it. This review surveys work on biomaterial-microvasculature interactions with a focus on the use of biomaterials to regulate the structure and function of the microvasculature. Several applications in which biomaterial-microvasculature interactions play a crucial role are briefly presented. These applications provide motivation and framework for a more in-depth discussion of general principles that appear to govern biomaterial-microvasculature interactions (i.e., the microarchitecture and physio-chemical properties of a biomaterial as well as the local biochemical environment).
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Microcirculation; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design
PubMed: 11026629
DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00149-6 -
Biomolecules Apr 2022Hemostasis plays an essential role in all surgical procedures. Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the primary cause of death during surgeries, and effective blood loss control... (Review)
Review
Hemostasis plays an essential role in all surgical procedures. Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the primary cause of death during surgeries, and effective blood loss control can significantly reduce mortality. For modern surgeons to select the right agent at the right time, they must understand the mechanisms of action, the effectiveness, and the possible adverse effects of each agent. Over the past decade, various hemostatic agents have grown intensely. These agents vary from absorbable topical hemostats, including collagen, gelatins, microfibrillar, and regenerated oxidized cellulose, to biologically active topical hemostats such as thrombin, biological adhesives, and other combined agents. Commercially available products have since expanded to include topical hemostats, surgical sealants, and adhesives. Silk is a natural protein consisting of fibroin and sericin. Silk fibroin (SF), derived from silkworm , is a fibrous protein that has been used mostly in fashion textiles and surgical sutures. Additionally, SF has been widely applied as a potential biomaterial in several biomedical and biotechnological fields. Furthermore, SF has been employed as a hemostatic agent in several studies. In this review, we summarize the several morphologic forms of SF and the latest technological advances on the use of SF-based hemostatic agents.
Topics: Adhesives; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bombyx; Fibroins; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Silk
PubMed: 35625588
DOI: 10.3390/biom12050660 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jan 2018We produced and characterized copper(II)-chitosan complexes fabricated via in-situ precipitation as antibiotic-free antibacterial biomaterials. Copper was bound to...
We produced and characterized copper(II)-chitosan complexes fabricated via in-situ precipitation as antibiotic-free antibacterial biomaterials. Copper was bound to chitosan from a dilute acetic acid solution of chitosan and copper(II) chloride exploiting the ability of the polysaccharide to chelate metal ions. The influence of copper(II) ions on the morphology, structure and hydrophobicity of the complexes was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and static contact-angle measurements. To assess the biological response to the materials, cell viability and antibacterial assays were performed using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Combined analysis of cell and bacterial studies identified a threshold concentration at which the material shows outstanding antibacterial properties without significantly affecting fibroblast viability. This key outcome sets copper(II)- chitosan as a promising biomaterial and encourages further investigation on similar systems toward the development of new antibiotic-free antibacterial technologies.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Survival; Chelating Agents; Chemical Precipitation; Chitosan; Copper; Escherichia coli; Fibroblasts; Mice; Staphylococcus; Wettability
PubMed: 29111063
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.095 -
Blood Mar 2022Exposure of blood to a foreign surface in the form of a diagnostic or therapeutic biomaterial device or implanted cells or tissue elicits an immediate, evolutionarily... (Review)
Review
Exposure of blood to a foreign surface in the form of a diagnostic or therapeutic biomaterial device or implanted cells or tissue elicits an immediate, evolutionarily conserved thromboinflammatory response from the host. Primarily designed to protect against invading organisms after an injury, this innate response features instantaneous activation of several blood-borne, highly interactive, well-orchestrated cascades and cellular events that limit bleeding, destroy and eliminate the foreign substance or cells, and promote healing and a return to homeostasis via delicately balanced regenerative processes. In the setting of blood-contacting synthetic or natural biomaterials and implantation of foreign cells or tissues, innate responses are robust, albeit highly context specific. Unfortunately, they tend to be less than adequately regulated by the host's natural anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory pathways, thereby jeopardizing the functional integrity of the device, as well as the health of the host. Strategies to achieve biocompatibility with a sustained return to homeostasis, particularly while the device remains in situ and functional, continue to elude scientists and clinicians. In this review, some of the complex mechanisms by which biomaterials and cellular transplants provide a "hub" for activation and amplification of coagulation and immunity, thromboinflammation, are discussed, with a view toward the development of innovative means of overcoming the innate challenges.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Blood Coagulation; Humans; Inflammation; Prostheses and Implants; Thrombosis
PubMed: 34415324
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007209 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022Crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems in the context of trauma or disease can lead to a state of neuroinflammation or excessive recruitment and activation of... (Review)
Review
Crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems in the context of trauma or disease can lead to a state of neuroinflammation or excessive recruitment and activation of peripheral and central immune cells. Neuroinflammation is an underlying and contributing factor to myriad neuropathologies including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis; peripheral and central nervous system infections; and ischemic and traumatic neural injuries. Therapeutic modulation of immune cell function is an emerging strategy to quell neuroinflammation and promote tissue homeostasis and/or repair. One such branch of 'immunomodulation' leverages the versatility of biomaterials to regulate immune cell phenotypes through direct cell-material interactions or targeted release of therapeutic payloads. In this regard, a growing trend in biomaterial science is the functionalization of materials using chemistries that do not interfere with biological processes, so-called 'click' or bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistries such as Michael-type additions, thiol-ene reactions, and Diels-Alder reactions are highly specific and can be used in the presence of live cells for material crosslinking, decoration, protein or cell targeting, and spatiotemporal modification. Hence, click-based biomaterials can be highly bioactive and instruct a variety of cellular functions, even within the context of neuroinflammation. This manuscript will review recent advances in the application of click-based biomaterials for treating neuroinflammation and promoting neural tissue repair.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biocompatible Materials; Cycloaddition Reaction; Humans; Neuroinflammatory Diseases
PubMed: 35955631
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158496 -
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Apr 2022Inflammation is a crucial part of wound healing and pathogen clearance. However, it can also play a role in exacerbating chronic diseases and cancer progression when not... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is a crucial part of wound healing and pathogen clearance. However, it can also play a role in exacerbating chronic diseases and cancer progression when not regulated properly. A subset of current innate immune engineering research is focused on how molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids native to a healthy inflammatory response can be harnessed in the context of biomaterial design to promote healing, decrease disease severity, and prolong survival. The engineered biomaterials in this review inhibit inflammation by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, sequestering proinflammatory cytokines, and promoting phenotype switching of macrophages in chronic inflammatory disease models. Conversely, other biomaterials discussed here promote inflammation by mimicking pathogen invasion to inhibit tumor growth in cancer models. The form that these biomaterials take spans a spectrum from nanoparticles to large-scale hydrogels to surface coatings on medical devices. Cell-inspired molecules have been incorporated in a variety of creative ways, including loaded into or onto the surface of biomaterials or used as the biomaterials themselves. Impact statement Chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers are widespread health care concerns. Treatment plans for these diseases can be complicated and the outcomes are often mixed due to off-target effects. Current research efforts in immune engineering and biomaterials are focused on utilizing the body's native immune response to return to homeostasis as a therapeutic approach. This review collects many of the most current findings in the field as a resource for future research.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33528306
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0276