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Seminars in Immunology Jun 2016Therapeutic medicine today includes a vast number of procedures involving the use of biomaterials, transplantation of therapeutic cells or cell clusters, as well as of... (Review)
Review
Therapeutic medicine today includes a vast number of procedures involving the use of biomaterials, transplantation of therapeutic cells or cell clusters, as well as of solid organs. These treatment modalities are obviously of great benefit to the patient, but also present a great challenge to the innate immune system, since they involve direct exposure of non-biological materials, cells of non-hematological origin as well as endothelial cells, damaged by ischemia-perfusion in solid organs to proteins and cells in the blood. The result of such an exposure may be an inappropriate activation of the complement and contact/kallikrein systems, which produce mediators capable of triggering the platelets and PMNs and monocytes, which can ultimately result in thrombotic and inflammatory (i.e., a thrombo-inflammatory) response to the treatment modality. In this concept review, we give an overview of the mechanisms of recognition within the innate immunity system, with the aim to identify suitable points for intervention. Finally, we discuss emerging and promising techniques for surface modification of biomaterials and cells with specific inhibitors in order to diminish thromboinflammation and improve clinical outcome.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Blood Platelets; Complement Activation; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy; Inflammation; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Thrombocytosis
PubMed: 27211838
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.006 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Biomaterials for tissue scaffolds are key components in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Targeted reconstructive therapies require a proper choice of... (Review)
Review
Biomaterials for tissue scaffolds are key components in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Targeted reconstructive therapies require a proper choice of biomaterial and an adequate choice of cells to be seeded on it. The introduction of stem cells, and the transdifferentiation procedures, into regenerative medicine opened a new era and created new challenges for modern biomaterials. They must not only fulfill the mechanical functions of a scaffold for implanted cells and represent the expected mechanical strength of the artificial tissue, but furthermore, they should also assure their survival and, if possible, affect their desired way of differentiation. This paper aims to review how modern biomaterials, including synthetic (i.e., polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene terephthalate, ceramics) and natural (i.e., silk fibroin, decellularized scaffolds), both non-biodegradable and biodegradable, could influence (tissue) stem cells fate, regulate and direct their differentiation into desired target somatic cells.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Scaffolds; Tissue Engineering; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 36555829
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416185 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nov 2023Marine resources in unique marine environments provide abundant, cost-effective natural biomaterials with distinct structures, compositions, and biological activities... (Review)
Review
Marine resources in unique marine environments provide abundant, cost-effective natural biomaterials with distinct structures, compositions, and biological activities compared to terrestrial species. These marine-derived raw materials, including polysaccharides, natural protein components, fatty acids, and marine minerals, etc., have shown great potential in preparing, stabilizing, or modifying multifunctional nano-/micro-systems and are widely applied in drug delivery, theragnostic, tissue engineering, etc. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most current marine biomaterial-based nano-/micro-systems developed over the past three years, primarily focusing on therapeutic delivery studies and highlighting their potential to cure a variety of diseases. Specifically, we first provided a detailed introduction to the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of natural marine biocomponents in their raw state. Furthermore, the assembly processes, potential functionalities of each building block, and a thorough evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of advanced marine biomaterial-based systems and their effects on molecular pathophysiological processes were fully elucidated. Finally, a list of unresolved issues and pivotal challenges of marine-derived biomaterials applications, such as standardized distinction of raw materials, long-term biosafety in vivo, the feasibility of scale-up, etc., was presented. This review is expected to serve as a roadmap for fundamental research and facilitate the rational design of marine biomaterials for diverse emerging applications.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Polysaccharides; Tissue Engineering; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 37926815
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02112-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Recently, synthetic polymers have attracted great interest in the field of biomedical science. Among these, polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are regarded as one of the most... (Review)
Review
Recently, synthetic polymers have attracted great interest in the field of biomedical science. Among these, polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are regarded as one of the most promising materials, due to their structural flexibility and biodegradability compared to other materials. PPZs have been developed through numerous studies. In particular, multi-functionalized PPZs have been proven to be potential biomaterials in various forms, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogels, through the introduction of various functional groups. Thus, PPZs have been applied for the delivery of therapeutic molecules (low molecular weight drugs, genes and proteins), bioimaging, phototherapy, bone regeneration, dental liners, modifiers and medical devices. The main goal of the present review is to highlight the recent and the most notable existing PPZ-based biomaterials for aforementioned applications, with future perspectives in mind.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Drug Delivery Systems; Polymers; Organophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 36555633
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415993 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Traditional tumor vaccination approaches mostly focus on activating dendritic cells (DCs) by providing them with a source of tumor antigens and/or adjuvants, which in... (Review)
Review
Traditional tumor vaccination approaches mostly focus on activating dendritic cells (DCs) by providing them with a source of tumor antigens and/or adjuvants, which in turn activate tumor-reactive T cells. Novel biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies focus on directly activating and stimulating T cells through molecular cues presented on synthetic constructs with the aim of improving T cell survival, more precisely steer T cell activation and direct T cell differentiation. Synthetic artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) decorated with T cell-activating ligands are being developed to induce robust tumor-specific T cell responses, essentially bypassing DCs. In this perspective, we approach these promising new technologies from an immunological angle, first by identifying the CD4 and CD8 T cell subtypes that are imperative for robust anti-cancer immunity and subsequently discussing the molecular cues needed to induce these cells types. We will elaborate on how biomaterials can be applied to stimulate T cells and to improve their survival, activation and function. Scaffold-based methods can also be used as delivery vehicles for adoptive transfer of T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor expressing (CAR) T cells, while simultaneously stimulating these cells. Finally, we provide suggestions on how these insights could advance the field of biomaterial-based activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the future.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 31130945
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00931 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022One of the most arduous challenges in tissue engineering is neovascularization, without which there is a lack of nutrients delivered to a target tissue. Angiogenesis... (Review)
Review
One of the most arduous challenges in tissue engineering is neovascularization, without which there is a lack of nutrients delivered to a target tissue. Angiogenesis should be completed at an optimal density and within an appropriate period of time to prevent cell necrosis. Failure to meet this challenge brings about poor functionality for the tissue in comparison with the native tissue, extensively reducing cell viability. Prior studies devoted to angiogenesis have provided researchers with some biomaterial scaffolds and cell choices for angiogenesis. For example, while most current angiogenesis approaches require a variety of stimulatory factors ranging from biomechanical to biomolecular to cellular, some other promising stimulatory factors have been underdeveloped (such as electrical, topographical, and magnetic). When it comes to choosing biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering for angiogenesis, key traits rush to mind including biocompatibility, appropriate physical and mechanical properties (adhesion strength, shear stress, and malleability), as well as identifying the appropriate biomaterial in terms of stability and degradation profile, all of which may leave essential trace materials behind adversely influencing angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the selection of the best biomaterial and cells still remains an area of hot dispute as such previous studies have not sufficiently classified, integrated, or compared approaches. To address the aforementioned need, this review article summarizes a variety of natural and synthetic scaffolds including hydrogels that support angiogenesis. Furthermore, we review a variety of cell sources utilized for cell seeding and influential factors used for angiogenesis with a concentrated focus on biomechanical factors, with unique stimulatory factors. Lastly, we provide a bottom-to-up overview of angiogenic biomaterials and cell selection, highlighting parameters that need to be addressed in future studies.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Hydrogels; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 35309965
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S353062 -
Acta Biomaterialia Sep 2021There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication... (Review)
Review
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biomimetics
PubMed: 33716174
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Nov 2019The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to cross the natural barriers and get into the blood to impart the pharmacological effects. The tight junctions (TJs)... (Review)
Review
The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to cross the natural barriers and get into the blood to impart the pharmacological effects. The tight junctions (TJs) between the epithelial cells serve as the major selectively permeable barriers and control the paracellular transport of the majority of hydrophilic drugs, in particular, peptides and proteins. TJs perfectly balance the targeted transport and the exclusion of other unexpected pathogens under the normal conditions. Many biomaterials have shown the capability to open the TJs and improve the oral bioavailability and targeting efficacy of the APIs. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the biomaterial-TJ interactions. The opening of the TJs further poses the risk of autoimmune diseases and infections. This review article summarizes the most updated literature and presents insights into the TJ structure, the biomaterial-TJ interaction mechanism, the benefits and drawbacks of TJ disruption, and methods for evaluating such interactions.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Biological Availability; Drug Delivery Systems; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Permeability; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 31364678
DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01081e -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2019The regenerative medicine, a new discipline that merges biological sciences and the fundamental of engineering to develop biological substitutes, has greatly benefited... (Review)
Review
The regenerative medicine, a new discipline that merges biological sciences and the fundamental of engineering to develop biological substitutes, has greatly benefited from recent advances in the material engineering and the role of stem cells in tissue regeneration. Regenerative medicine strategies, involving the combination of biomaterials/scaffolds, cells, and bioactive agents, have been of great interest especially for the repair of damaged bone and bone regrowth. In the last few years, the life expectancy of our population has progressively increased. Aging has highlighted the need for intervention on human bone with biocompatible materials that show high performance for the regeneration of the bone, efficiently and in a short time. In this review, the different aspects of tissue engineering applied to bone engineering were taken into consideration. The first part of this review introduces the bone cellular biology/molecular genetics. Data on biomaterials, stem cells, and specific growth factors for the bone regrowth are reported in this review.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 30709008
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030618 -
Biomaterials Sep 2021Organoids are a new class of biological model systems that have garnered significant interest in the life sciences. When provided with the proper 3D matrix and... (Review)
Review
Organoids are a new class of biological model systems that have garnered significant interest in the life sciences. When provided with the proper 3D matrix and biochemical factors, stem cells can self-organize and form tissue-specific organoids. Thus far, there has been a substantial effort to identify soluble niche components essential for organoid culture; however, the role of the solid extracellular matrix (ECM) as an essential element of the niche is still largely lacking. In this review, we discuss the importance of the ECM in intestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic organoid culture and how biomaterial-based approaches can be used to probe different ECM properties required for more physiologically and translationally relevant organoid models.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Extracellular Matrix; Intestines; Organoids; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34280822
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121020