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Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2019Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental... (Review)
Review
Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental bacteria such as that harbor the ability to replicate both within animal cells and in the outside environment must maintain the capability to manage life under a variety of disparate conditions. Bacterial life in the outside environment requires adaptation to wide ranges of temperature, available nutrients, and physical stresses such as changes in pH and osmolarity as well as desiccation. Following ingestion by a susceptible animal host, the bacterium must adapt to similar changes during transit through the gastrointestinal tract and overcome a variety of barriers associated with host innate immune responses. Rapid alteration of patterns of gene expression and protein synthesis represent one strategy for quickly adapting to a dynamic host landscape. Here, we provide an overview of the impressive variety of strategies employed by the soil-dwelling, foodborne, mammalian pathogen to straddle diverse environments and optimize bacterial fitness both inside and outside host cells.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Osmolar Concentration; Virulence
PubMed: 31441398
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0064-2019 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2022Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated...
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated listeriosis is available in China. This study aimed to reveal the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases and provide references for treating and managing this disease.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective study on maternal and neonatal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis. The clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were studied, and the outcome determinants of neonatal listeriosis were explored.
RESULTS
14 cases of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were identified. The incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis in our hospital was 16.69/100,000 births. All of the 14 maternal patients eventually recovered after delivery shortly with no sequelae. None of the 12 mothers who delivered in this hospital received antepartum first-line empirical treatment. Among the 14 neonatal cases, 1 was late-onset listeriosis and 13 were early-onset cases; 11 survived and 3 died. Fatality rates were significantly higher in outborn neonates (P = 0.005). Besides, higher mortality rates were observed in neonates with lower birth weight (P = 0.038), gestational age < 28 weeks (P = 0.056), and Apgar score (5 min) < 5 (P = 0.056), with marginally significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis would bring disastrous effects to the neonatal cases, especially to the outborn, low birth weight, and low gestational age of neonates. Timely detection and treatment should be taken seriously for the key neonates. How to early detect L. monocytogenes infected cases, especially in the prenatal stage, remains a serious challenge.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35346105
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04613-2 -
International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2021To determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and analyze clinical characteristics of these clones focusing on...
OBJECTIVE
To determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and analyze clinical characteristics of these clones focusing on non-perinatal cases.
METHODS
From 2000 to 2015, we analyzed 123 human listeriosis cases at a medical center in northern Taiwan using PCR serogrouping, MLST, and clinical presentations.
RESULTS
The annual incidence of listeriosis increased since 2005 with a peak in 2008 (0.2 per 1000 admission) and decreased thereafter. Of the 115 non-perinatal listeriosis cases, we found a male predominance (60%) with an average age of 63.9 years old (standard deviation: 15.3 years), and almost all patients had underlying conditions including malignancies (61.7%), steroid usage (39.1%), diabetes mellitus (31.3%), renal insufficiency (27.8%), and liver cirrhosis (17.4%). Clinical presentations included bacteremia (74.8%), neurolisteriosis (20.0%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (5.2%). The most frequently identified serogroup-sequence types (ST) were IIB-ST87 (30.9%), followed by IIA-ST378 (16.3%) and IIA-ST155 (14.6%). The 30-day all-cause mortality of non-perinatal listeriosis was 25.2% and was associated with age (Hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.07, p = 0.021), steroid usage (Hazard ratio: 2.54, 95% C.I. = 1.06-6.11, p = 0.038) and respiratory distress at presentation (Hazard ratio: 2.59, 95% C.I. = 1.05-6.39, p = 0.038); while no association was found with serogroups (IIA, IIB, and IVB) or three major ST types by multivariable analysis. All 8 mothers of perinatal listeriosis patients survived and three neonates died (mortality, 37.5%), and IIB-ST87 was the major type (62.5%).
CONCLUSION
Predominant strains in Taiwan could cause significant morbidity and mortality. Further disease monitoring and source surveillance are warranted despite a declining trend of human listeriosis in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Incidence; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Taiwan
PubMed: 33515776
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.056 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Mar 2021To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with listeriosis and to provide a basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of hospital infection.
METHODS
A total of 10 inpatients, who suffered from the listeriosis in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2013 to June 2019, were retrospectively collected for this study. The characteristics of the patients' age, gander, basic information, case type, clinical manifestations, first consultation department, days of diagnosis, infection indicator, specimen type, results of drug sensitivity, treatment plan, hospital infection or not, outcome, follow-up data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Two cases were pregnant women and other were non-pregnant adults among 10 patients with listeriosis. Among them, there were 3 cases with hospital acquired infection. The age of patient onset was 27-71 years old, and the time from onset to diagnosis was 5-36 days. Five cases had fever, and other 5 cases had not fever. There were headache, fatigue, local pain, and other specialized symptoms in the 10 patients.The white blood cell count,the neutrophil ratio, the inflammatory index C-reactive protein, the procalcitonin were all increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation was accelerated in the 10 patients.All the patients were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin G, meropenem, and compound sinomine.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis often affects the patients with low immunity, which often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinic.So early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment can reduce mortality; it is important for departments of nosocomial infection management to manage patients' diet for avoiding outbreaks of listeriosis in hospital.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meropenem; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33927072
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200399 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 1992
Topics: Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeriosis
PubMed: 1628083
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.304.6842.1583 -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2022To analyze the clinical features, efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and outcome of neonatal listeriosis.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical features, efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and outcome of neonatal listeriosis.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study that included all neonates diagnosed with listeriosis between January 2010 and December 2021.
RESULTS
Nine male patients and five female patients were analyzed, including 11 preterm and 3 term infants. The mean gestational age was 34 ± 2.6 weeks (29 + 2-40 + 2 weeks), and the mean birth weight was 2392 ± 603 g (1370-3580 g). The maternal clinical manifestations included fever (13/14 [92.9%]), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (12/14 [85.7%]), and intrauterine fetal distress (11/14 [78.6%]). The neonates presented with fever (14/14 [100%]), generalized maculopapular rash (7/14 [50%]), and convulsions (8/14 [57.1%]). Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (11/14 [78.6%]), monocytosis (9/14 [64.3%]), elevated C-reactive protein levels (13/14 [92.9%]), and thrombocytopenia (6/14 [42.9%]). Eight patients had central nervous system involvement, and was isolated from the blood in all cases. Empiric antibiotic therapy consisted of a combination of third-generation cephalosporins and penicillin or vancomycin. Four patients died, and 10 patients were cured.
CONCLUSIONS
Preterm infants were more susceptible to listeria infection than term infants, with most having multiple organ injuries. Combined antibiotic application improved the effectiveness of treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36003027
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221117207 -
Biosensors Feb 2023(L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the... (Review)
Review
(L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the human population. The infection caused by L.M. is called listeriosis and is common in pregnant women, immune-deficient patients, and older adults. Based on the released statistics, listeriosis has a high rate of hospitalization and mortality; thus, rapid and timely detection of food contamination and listeriosis cases is necessary. During the last few decades, biosensors have been used for the detection and monitoring of varied bacteria species. These devices are detection platforms with great sensitivity and low detection limits. Among different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors have a high capability to circumvent several drawbacks associated with the application of conventional laboratory techniques. In this review article, different electrochemical biosensor types used for the detection of listeriosis were discussed in terms of actuators, bioreceptors, specific working electrodes, and signal amplification. We hope that this review will facilitate researchers to access a complete and comprehensive template for pathogen detection based on the different formats of electrochemical biosensors.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Aged; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Food Contamination; Biosensing Techniques; Electrodes; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36831982
DOI: 10.3390/bios13020216 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine May 2011Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and... (Review)
Review
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Seasons
PubMed: 21517700
DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2011.035 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Feb 2007In Western developed countries, Listeria monocytogenesis not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. However, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in Taiwan. We...
In Western developed countries, Listeria monocytogenesis not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. However, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in Taiwan. We describe two cases collected from a single medical institute between 1990 and 2005. Case 1 was a male premature baby weighing 1558 g with a gestational age of 31 weeks whose mother had fever with chills 3 days prior to delivery. Generalized maculopapular rash was found after delivery and subtle seizure developed. Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture collected on the 1st day yielded L. monocytogenes. In addition, he had ventriculitis complicated with hydrocephalus. Neurologic development was normal over 1 year of follow-up after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. Case 2 was a 28-weeks' gestation male premature baby weighing 1180 g. Endotracheal intubation and ventilator support were provided after delivery due to respiratory distress. Blood culture yielded L. monocytogenes. Cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis but the culture was negative. Brain ultrasonography showed ventriculitis. Sudden deterioration with cyanosis and bradycardia developed on the 8th day and he died on the same day. Neonatal listeriosis is uncommon in Taiwan, but has significant mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis of perinatal infection relies on high index of suspicion in perinatal health care professionals.
Topics: Fatal Outcome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Taiwan
PubMed: 17339161
DOI: 10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60233-3 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2022Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious...
Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious potentially lethal infections, such as meningitis and bacteremia, to those with underlying conditions. A woman in her 60s with liver cirrhosis developed abdominal pain and a fever, and she turned out to have a perianal abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Perianal abscess is a rare complication of L. monocytogenes, but a recent epidemiological study revealed that the presence of cirrhosis might also be a risk factor for the development of invasive disease.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Bacteremia; Child; Female; Fever; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis, Listeria
PubMed: 34393168
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7755-21